미술치료가 불안정애착아동의 애착안정성과 사회적 능력에 미치는 효과
Effects of Art Therapy on Attachment Security and Social Ability of Insecurely Attached Children
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본 연구는 불안정애착아동의 애착안정성과 사회적 능력에 미치는 효과성을 알아보고자 하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 대상아동들이 미술재료와 미술활동을 통한 미술치료과정에 그들의 불안정 애착스타일을 교정하는 기회를 얻는다고 가정하고 애착이론을 연결하여 미술치료과정을 설명하였다. 회피유형을 가진 아동에게 38회기를 실시하였으며 저항/양가유형을 가진 아동에게 25회기를 실시하였다. 본 연구의 효과성을 평가하기 위해 사전, 사후, 추후의 평가도구로서 새둥지화를 사용하였고 미술치료 과정을 비넷트 방식으로 설명하였으며 양적평가도구로서 Randolph의 애착장애설문지와 K-CBCL(아동, 청소년 행동평가척도)의 사회성과 사회적 문제척도를 사용하였다. 본 연구 결과는 애착이론의 치료적 구조와 미술치료 범위 내에서 논의되었으며 미술치료가 애착안정성과 사회적 능력개선에 효과성이 있음이 입증되었다. 향후 다른 불안정 애착유형에도 미술치료의 효과성을 규명할 것을 제안한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to examine the effects of art therapy on attachment security and social ability of insecurely attached children. Linking attachment theory to art therapy, this research hypothesized that children reenact and have the opportunity to repair their attachment style in art therapy through the art materials and their artistic process. 38 sessions of art therapy were provided for a insecure avoidant attachment child and 25 sessions for a insecure resistant/ambivalent attachment. The results were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. For qualitative analysis, case vignettes approach was applied for 38 or 25 sessions of art therapy. And Bird's Nest Drawing was administered before, after, and one month delay. For quantitative analysis, Randolph Attachment Disorder Questionnaire and sociality and social problem scales of Korean Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL) were administered after treatment. They shoued secure bases of atachment and improvement of social abilities. These findings were discussed within the theoretical framework of attachment theory and art therapy theory. It was suggested that further research should consider other styles of insecure attachment.
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