韓國詩學中的窮工論

Abstract

The theory of “the more suffering, the better writing”(窮工論) is an important proposition in Chinese poetics, which was first put forward by Ouyang Xiu(歐陽修) in Song Dynasty. Its theoretical origin has a certain relationship with the theory of “expression under indignation”(發憤抒情說) and “sighing in discontent”(不平則鳴說). However, the more direct source should be the popular “poetry will impoverish people”(詩能窮人說). Chinese scholars have discussed this proposition in Chinese poetics in many aspects. However, this statement was also popular in Korean poetics, and on this basis, many theoretical explorations have also been carried out. In addition to some arguments that agree with the old theory, they have found many breakthroughs in the anti-proposition of this proposition. Some people made the claim that poetry could make people flourish and wealthy people could also write poetry well. Some people put forward the position that the poems of the suffer(窮) also were not well written, and some other poems of the suffer(窮) were written without poverty. Some people put forward the position that the poor have nothing to do with poetry, and some people put forward the view that the suffering(窮) was also a kind of good, not poor in the general sense. In addition to these propositions, Korean scholars have also made a malleable analysis of the poverty involved, and made personalized explanations for poverty from multiple aspects such as self-poor(自窮), real poverty(真窮), poverty reduction(化窮), and gentleman poverty(固窮). Some of them also started from the relationship between literature and conduct, and in the context of poetry prophecy, they put forward the idea that poetry could observe and fortune tell whether others were poor or not. In this way, Korean scholars, under the influence of the theory of “the more suffering, the better writing”(窮工論) in Chinese poetics, have developed this traditional proposition in multiple directions, thus promoting the growth and development of this proposition in the field of Korean poetics. As the main example of this poetics proposition, it was not only confirmed by the practice of poetics in Tang and Song Dynasties in China (especially Tang poetry), but also supported by numerous cases of Korean poetics. Therefore, within poetics, Korean studies People have broken through the cultural gap between Korea and China, making it one of the most striking poetic phenomena in the cultural circle of Chinese characters.