论阮籍五言≪咏怀诗≫的自然意象

Abstract

Ruan Ji’s “Yong huai Poem” with five-characters represents his highest literary achievement, which serves as a link between past and future in Chinese poetry history. Among the images of “Yong huai Poem”, the amount of natural images is far more than those in previous poetry. Specifically, the natural images of Ruan Ji’s “Yong huai Poem” embody humanization, socialization and philosophy of nature. The birds’ images of “Yong huai Poem” reflect humanization of nature, which appear 41 times in all, far more than the times in previous poetry. Meanwhile, the images have vivid humanization traits―“sad and alone” and “isolated”, in which the alone birds represent Ruan Ji himself and show his loneliness in the depth of his heart, however, the isolated birds reflect the exploration of ideal personality and show the urgent wishes to stay away from the world. The images of season and climate mainly reflect socialization of nature, in which the most important image is “autumn”. The stagnancy, depression and changes including in the image of “autumn” is just like the social and political trait at that time, so Ruan Ji preferred to using the image as a symbol of times atmosphere. The natural phenomena in “Yong huai Poem” convey philosophy of life. As a well-known metaphysic person, Ruan Ji expressed his thinking of philosophy, for example, he used the comparison of two kinds of birds to show his self-satisfaction ideas and used the decay of flower of peaches and plums to tell the truth that the popular pole declines necessarily. The unique feature of philosophy of nature in “Yong huai Poem” has the leading meaning for the later metaphysical poetry and philosophical poetry in Tang and Song Dynasties.