제국과 서사시인 －버질의 『아에네이드』 읽기
Empire and the Epic Poet: Reading the Aeneid
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초록
버질은 투르누스의 죽음과 함께 『아에네이드』를 급작스럽게 끝냄으로써 독자로 하여금 로마제국의 토대에 깃들어 있는 폭력성을 돌아보게 만든다. 이 서사시가 로마제국의 영광을 예찬하는 “제국주의”적 목소리와 그렇게 되기까지 로마가 치러야 했던 희생과 상실 등을 환기시키는 영탄의 목소리를 동시에 담고 있다는 사실은 새삼스러운 지적은 아니지만, 본 논문은 이러한 사실을 마치 이 서사시에 담긴 “전복적” 메시지인 것처럼 다루는 많은 비평과 달리, 이러한 애조와 영탄의 목소리야 말로 인간이 결코 넘어설 수 없는 역사라는 거대한 지평을 음미하면서 이를 결국 긍정하는 서사시인의 시각을 보여주는 것이라고 진단한다. 여기서 출발하여 『아에네이드』에 담겨있는 시인의 역사적 전망은 어떤 것인가를 분석한다.
Abstract
This paper deals with the moral and political meaning of the Aeneid. In the final lines of the epic Vergil makes his readers ponder the meaning of the death of Turnus rather than be aware of Aeneas’ victory. By juxtaposing the founding of a civilization with the stabbing of a man, Vergil makes us think about the violence that constitutes the very foundation of the imperial Rome. But unlike many critics who regard the pathos as problematizing the moral quality of Roman imperial project, this paper argues that pathos and the personal notes of sorrow are finally not subversive but supportive of the political implication of the epic teleology. The Aeneid is Vergil’s profound meditation on the labyrinthine historical process, the situation in which individual must accept sacrifices, the essential humanity, and the ultimately untranscendable horizon of History.
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