李萬敷의 『南風』에 나타난 嶺南士人의 歷史認識

Abstract

Lee Man Bu with the nom de plume of Sik San is a 17th-century scholar from a prestigious family with lots of academic achievements who experienced the historical vicissitudes of Nam In and No Ron, ones of political factions, in the reign of King Sukjong, ending in living his life as an out-of-office scholar. Lee Gwan Jing, his grandfather, succeeded Heo Mok as a leader of Cheong Nam Gye (a branch of Namin), and Lee Ok, his father, was quite a writer whose poetry and prose was acknowledged by Lee Min Gu and Jo Gyeong. He was initiated into disciplines inherited from his father and grandfather when he lived in Hanyang (the then capital of Chosun Dynasty), and then learned "Bak Hak" (the methodology of historical research) of "Geun Gi Nam In" School from Heo Mok before moving to Yeongnam Province later. During the first half of his life,his learning was mainly affected by Heo Mok, while, during the remaining half of his life in which he lived in Yeongnam Province, he was devoted to classics and Neo-confucianism. This devotion enabled him to write 『Sik San Ji Seo』(息山志書) and 『Do Dong Pyeon』(道東編) so that he cut a conspicuous figure as scholar. In particular, he compiled into 『Ji Haeng Rok』(地行錄) and 『Nam Pung』(南風) his knowledge of history and territory he had accumulated while making inclusive exchanges with scholars in Yeongnam Province and traveling around lots of places. The purpose of this study is to analyze 『Nam Pung』(南風) (an essence of his ideas about literature) and contemplate its structure and background to identify his understanding of Yeongnam Province and his historical awareness he had kept to himself. 『Nam Pung』(南風) consists of three parts: 「Preamble」, 14 classical Chinese verses with five-character line stanzas, and 「Hu Ji」(後識). The former two parts (i.e. 「Preamble」 & 14 ancient poems with five-character lines) were written around 1730 by Lee Man Bu, and the latter part (i.e. 「Hu Ji」) were written around 1810 by Lee Gyeong Yu. 『Nam Pung』(南風) takes on the style of classical Chinese verses with five-character line stanzas (including five-character four line stanzas to 18 line stanzas). The type of 『Nam Pung』(南風) belongs to "Yeong Sa Ak Bu"(詠史樂府) of 『Hae Dong Ak Bu』(海東樂府). Especially, its rhyming patterns are so changed to lead to the creation of dynamics and musicality. Also, various facts and figures are described even in a single work, and time coverage include Tan-gun's Chosun (i.e. 2333 B.C.) to the Imjin War; for the parts covering the Period of Three Kingdoms (including Silla, Goguryeo and Baekje) or earlier, its description focuses on Silla, with a focus on Korea and Chosun for the parts corresponding to United Silla and later. It addresses various contents, including (the history of) old and current times, beautiful mountains & rivers, local products & roads,figures & customs, gains & losses of politics, and others that would be a model for coming generations. For half a century since 1728 when military vassals' riot broke out in Yeongnam, the province had been branded a so-called "Place of Traitors" so that no one from the same place could get in government office. However, since he played an active role in suppressing the riot raised by those rebels, Lee Man Bu was recommended for government office in 1729; the rebels recognized him as a public enemy against their cause. 『Nam Pung』(南風) written around this time serves as an important clue to the identification of the awareness of Namin in Yeongnam Province in the 18th century. That is, he tried to realize the switchover of awareness by re-translating the history and figures of the province through 『Nam Pung』(南風). 『Nam Pung』(南風) is the collection of classical Chinese verses written to restore the lost honor of Yeongnam by wiping out the privilege of the king and other forces in power against the province that had bee negatively acknowledged since the riot raised by military vassals. Their negative awareness of the province continued even in the reign of King Yeongjo. In the reign of King Jeongjo, Lee Seung Yeon, his grandson who inherited the awareness of such an attempt of his described in 「Yeong Dae」 in detail mountains & rivers, local products, manners & customers, figures, writings, Taoism, history, etc. in Yeongnam in the later Chosun Dynasty etc. not covered in 『Nam Pung』(南風).