History of, and History in, Sophistopolis
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This article originates with a presentation given at the conference celebrating the 20th anniversary of the Rhetoric Society of Korea. It introduces Sophistopolis, the fictional Greco-Roman city state that forms the background to controversiae, i.e., mock-forensic speeches composed and delivered both by students in the rhetor’s school and by their teachers and the literary elite. Section 1 provides a very brief introduction to the genre. Section 2 is concerned with the history of Roman declamation. While not pretending to be exhaustive it does address the Greek roots of the genre, the probable time of its arrival in Rome, and the four collections of declamations we have left. In section 3, I zoom in on the actual practice of Roman declamation, briefly discussing the Roman curriculum before devoting attention to the suasoria, the mockdeliberative speech students were required to have mastered before embarking on controversiae. I show how extant suasoriae have a basis in collective memory, which is not the case for the majority of controversiae. These are played out in Sophistopolis, the subject of section 4. After a discussion of the character and function of Sophistopolitan laws, I discuss the way it figures in controversiae, using the example of Decl. mai. 7, The Poor Man’s Torture. Then I give a brief survey of the fictional city’s political situation and, by means of a number of examples, its other inhabitants and their conflicts and problems. Section 5 and 6 take us to the theme of the conference. Section 5 is an attempt to give a brief history of Sophistopolis, trying to sketch how the character of this city, with its peculiar laws, its quarrelsome inhabitants and their adventures, came to be developed in the schools. In section 6 I take a look at the rare appearance of figures from history in Sophistopolis. I conclude that their fates and actions are adapted to fit Sophistopolitan scenarios while they themselves are made to resemble Sophistopolitan stock characters.
Abstract
This article originates with a presentation given at the conference celebrating the 20th anniversary of the Rhetoric Society of Korea. It introduces Sophistopolis, the fictional Greco-Roman city state that forms the background to controversiae, i.e., mock-forensic speeches composed and delivered both by students in the rhetor’s school and by their teachers and the literary elite. Section 1 provides a very brief introduction to the genre. Section 2 is concerned with the history of Roman declamation. While not pretending to be exhaustive it does address the Greek roots of the genre, the probable time of its arrival in Rome, and the four collections of declamations we have left. In section 3, I zoom in on the actual practice of Roman declamation, briefly discussing the Roman curriculum before devoting attention to the suasoria, the mockdeliberative speech students were required to have mastered before embarking on controversiae. I show how extant suasoriae have a basis in collective memory, which is not the case for the majority of controversiae. These are played out in Sophistopolis, the subject of section 4. After a discussion of the character and function of Sophistopolitan laws, I discuss the way it figures in controversiae, using the example of Decl. mai. 7, The Poor Man’s Torture. Then I give a brief survey of the fictional city’s political situation and, by means of a number of examples, its other inhabitants and their conflicts and problems. Section 5 and 6 take us to the theme of the conference. Section 5 is an attempt to give a brief history of Sophistopolis, trying to sketch how the character of this city, with its peculiar laws, its quarrelsome inhabitants and their adventures, came to be developed in the schools. In section 6 I take a look at the rare appearance of figures from history in Sophistopolis. I conclude that their fates and actions are adapted to fit Sophistopolitan scenarios while they themselves are made to resemble Sophistopolitan stock characters.
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