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도시의 문화 다양성으로 인한 복잡한 사회적 경계의 형성, 그리고 도시 주체들의 이용·착취에 대한 연구: 런던(London)의 서덕(Southwark) 사례를 중심으로

Production of Complicated Social Boundaries Formed by Cultural Diversity, and Use/exploitation of Urban Subjects in the City: A Study of Southwark, London

한준섭
한국공간환경학회 (The Korean Association Of Space And Environment Research)|2021.06|공간과 사회 (Space and Environment)|제31권 제2호|pp. 213-253|DOI 10.19097/kaser.2021.31.2.213

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참고문헌

키워드

문화다양성cultural diversityLondon런던(London)서덕(Southwark)사회적경계도시의 모순Southwarksocial boundaryurban contradiction
주제분류지리학

초록

이 논문은 영국 런던(London)의 서덕(Southwark) 지역 사례를 통해 도시 공간의 문화다양성으로 인한 복잡한 사회적 경계가 도시 주체들에 의해 이용·착취되는 현상을 논하고자 한다. 런던은 단순히 인구가 많은 대도시가 아닌 절반 이상의 시민들이 민족 소수자(ethnic minority)로 구성되어 있어 도시에 형성된 문화적 성향이 매우 다양하다. 런던은 문화적 차이로 인한 갈등을 피하기 위해 서로의 문화에 대한 적당한 무관심이 사회적 매너가된다. 하지만 무관심과 관계의 파편화는 경제적·정치적 권위를 가진 주체들이 자신의 이익을 위해 도시를 이용·착취하는 데 더 유리한 환경을 제공한다. 사회적 경계가 복잡할수록 더 많은 이용 가능한 수단들이 생산된다. 반면, 일반 시민들은 복잡한 도시 관계로 인해형성되는 모든 정보와 지식을 습득하고 이해할 수 없는 한계가 있다. 시민들은 함께 근본적인 사회적 모순에 적극적으로 대응하지 않고 단지 각자의 위치에서 자신에게 이익이 되는 제한된 관계 안에서 도시의 기능과 자원을 이용한다. 결국 관계의 파편화는 권위·권력에 의한 도구적 이용·착취에 대해 시민들이 함께 대응하는 것을 방해한다. 최근 한국의 이주민 증가를 고려하면 런던의 사례는 한국에도 좋은 시사점을 제공한다는 판단으로 이 논문을 진행했다. 연구 자료는 현지답사를 통한 민족지학적 (참여)관찰, 인터뷰, 2차자료 수집 등의 방법을 통해 생산되었다.

Abstract

This paper explores the use and exploitation of complicated social boundaries formed by urban subjects in urban space, in the case of Southwark, London. London not just is a hugely populated city but also consists of ethnic minorities exceeding half of London’s overall population with cultural diversity. To avoid conflicts generated by the cultural diversity, mild indifference becomes a social manner that people should have in London. However, indifference and fragmented relations become a means to an end for usage and exploitation of the subjects having economic/ political power. And, the complex social boundaries become the cause of more production of complicated resources to use. Besides, normal citizens have limits in obtaining and understanding all information and knowledge caused by complicated urban relations. Also, citizens do not actively counteract against social contradictions in cooperation with others, but they just use the resources bringing benefit to them in the limited urban relations. Considering the rapid increase of the population of ethnic minorities, London’s case also has great implications for South Korea. Methods for this research are ethnographic (participatory)observation, interview, and secondary data.

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