Radioresistance Mechanisms in Head and Neck Cancer
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Head and neck cancer (HNC) is not only one of the deadliest malignant tumors but also significantly impacts patient qual- ity of life because of its proximity to numerous critical organs. Radiotherapy is commonly used to treat HNC due to its ef- fectiveness in targeting cancer cells while sparing adjacent organs. However, the emergence of radioresistance severely lim- its the efficacy of radiotherapy, frequently leading to poor prognosis and treatment failure. Consequently, an enhanced un- derstanding of the underlying mechanisms of radioresistance could facilitate the development of novel treatment strategies aimed at reducing recurrence rates and improving survival outcomes. In this review, we summarize the primary mechanisms implicated in radioresistance in HNC from both cancer cell-intrinsic and tumor microenvironment perspectives. Further- more, we discuss currently available radiation-sensitizing approaches to overcome radioresistance in HNC.
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is not only one of the deadliest malignant tumors but also significantly impacts patient qual- ity of life because of its proximity to numerous critical organs. Radiotherapy is commonly used to treat HNC due to its ef- fectiveness in targeting cancer cells while sparing adjacent organs. However, the emergence of radioresistance severely lim- its the efficacy of radiotherapy, frequently leading to poor prognosis and treatment failure. Consequently, an enhanced un- derstanding of the underlying mechanisms of radioresistance could facilitate the development of novel treatment strategies aimed at reducing recurrence rates and improving survival outcomes. In this review, we summarize the primary mechanisms implicated in radioresistance in HNC from both cancer cell-intrinsic and tumor microenvironment perspectives. Further- more, we discuss currently available radiation-sensitizing approaches to overcome radioresistance in HNC.