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소아기 급성 열성 뇌병증 후 뇌전증의 예후

The Poor Seizure Outcome of Acute Febrile Encephalopathy in Children

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참고문헌

주제분류신경과학

초록

목 적 : 소아청소년기의 급성 발열성 뇌병증의 임상경과를 관찰하고, 뇌전증으로 이행하였던 증례들의 경우 발작조절을 중심으로 예후를 검토하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 2003년 3월부터 2011년 12월까지 전남대학교 병원에 급성 뇌병증으로 입원한 20명의 환자들의 임상특성들과, 뇌전증으로 이행하여 1년 이상 외래 추적 관찰한 환자들의 임상경과 및 발작 예후에 대하여 조사하고, 뇌전증으로 이행하지 않은 군과의 차이점을 비교하였다. 결 과 : 20명 모두 바이러스 관련 검사 결과는 음성이었다. 8명에서 뇌전증으로 이행하였으며, 이 중 3례에서 경련 중첩증이 있었다. 1년 추적관찰 기간 동안 5례는 항경련제에 난치성을 보였다. 2례에서 추적기간 동안 폭력 성향을 보였으며, 1례에서 하지근력 약화 소견이 지속되었다. 뇌 자기공명 영상 검사에서 특이한 소견을 보인 경우는 없었으나 1례에서 우측 기저핵 부위의 염증 소견을 보였다. 초기뇌파 소견 상 5례에서 극파가 관찰되었으며 이 중 2례는 추적 관찰 기간에도 전두 부위에서 극파 소견을 보였다. 뇌 자기공명 영상에서 이상이 있었던 환자는 좌 측두부의 극파 소견을 보였다. 뇌전증으로 이행한 환자군에서는 이행하지 않은 환자군에 비하여 의식 회복에 소요된 기간과 초기 뇌파 상 극파 소견이 유의하게 증가되어 있었다. 결 론 : 소아청소년기 급성 뇌병증 후 발생하는 뇌전증의 예후는 양호하지 않았으며 지속적인 정신운동 장애를 보였다. 향후 이에 대한 병태생리 규명 및 치료에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Abstract

Purpose : The aim of this study was to describe the clinical course and outcome of the patient with epilepsy after acute febrile encephalopathy. Methods : Medical records of the twenty patients with acute febrile encephalopathy from Mar. 2003 to Dec. 2011, were reviewed. The outcome of epilepsy over 12 months after discharge from encephalopathy was investigated and compared with non-epilepsy group on several clinical and laboratory aspects. Results : All revealed negative on viral study. Eight of 20 patients evolved to epilepsy eventually and 3 out of them had a status epilepticus as initial manifestation. Five of them remained medically intractable. Two showed ongoing violent behavior during follow-up period and 1 had motor weakness of lower limbs for a year. All had non-specific brain MRI findings, except the one who showed suspected cerebritis of right basal ganglia on follow-up study. Five of 8 epilepsy patients showed epileptic discharges on the first electroencephalogram. Two of them showed sustained frontal spikes and one who had abnormal brain MRI findings showed left temporal spike on follow-up EEG. Longer period of altered mentality and more frequent epileptiform discharges on initial EEG appeared to be related with progression to epilepsy during follow-up period. Conclusion : acute febrile encephalopathy in children may be related to poor seizure outcome and resultant psychomotor problems. Further studies including laboratory exams to define its pathophysiology would be needed.

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