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논문KCI 등재후보

소아 청소년 두통의 임상적 특징

Clinical Characteristics of Headache in Children

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참고문헌

주제분류신경과학

초록

목 적 : 소아청소년에서 두통은 흔한 증상이고 병원을 방문하는 흔한 이유 중 하나이다. 소아에서 두통의 원인은 매우 많으며, 여기에는 편두통과 긴장형 두통, 두 개내 종괴, 부비동염과 같은 것이 있다. 저자들은 두통의 원인 감별을 위해 영상의학적 검사를 시행하여 일차 두통과 이차 두통으로 분류하였으며, 임상 양상을 비교하였다. 방 법 : 2006년 3월부터 2012년 10월까지 순천향대학교병원 소아청소년과에 두통을 주소로 내원하였던 환아 중 설문지를 작성한 120명을 대상으로 하였다. 영상의학적 검사로는 뇌 자기공명영상을 시행하였고, 2004년 개정된 국제두통질환분류 제2판 (ICHD-II)을 근거로 두통을 분류하였다. 결 과 : 전체 120명의 환아 중 부비동염, 송과체낭종, 정맥성 혈관종, 뇌허혈, 탈수초 질환, 뇌염과 같은 이상 소견을 보였던 31명(25.8%)을 이차 두통으로 분류하였고, 89명(74%)을 일차 두통으로 분류하였다. 일차 두통에는 무전조 편두통이 43례(48.3%), 긴장형 두통이 21례(23.6%), 전조 편두통이 18례(20.2%), 그 외 7례(7.9%)는 ICHD-II로 분류되지 않았다. 환아의 평균 나이는 일차 두통 10.5세, 이차 두통 9.13세 이었고, 남녀 성비는 일차 두통 1.34:1, 이차 두통 2.1:1 로 모두 남아에서 높게 나타났다. 유병 기간은 일차 두통이(15.9개월) 이 이차 두통 (10.6개월) 보다 길었다. 두통이 1시간 이상 지속되는 비율은 일차 두통(1:1.4)이 이차두통(1:0.8)보다 높았다. 동반되는 증상으로는 일차두통에서는 오심 55례(62%), 소음공포증 33례(37%), 구토 24례(27%) 순이었고, 이차 두통에서는 오심 22례(71%), 소음공포증 13례(41.9%), 광선공포증 12례(38.7%) 순으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 소아청소년기의 두통은 표현이 다양하고 접근이 어려워 진단이 늦어지기도 한다. 이 시기의 두통은 환아 자신 뿐 아니라 가족의 삶에도 영향을 끼칠 수 있다. 그러므로 두통을 호소하는 아이의 말을 주의를 기울여 관찰하고, 단순 진통제에 반응하지 않는 두통의 경우 적극적인 영상의학적 검사를 고려해야겠다.

Abstract

Purpose : Headache is a common neurological condition for children to seek for medical care. The underlying causes of headache include migraine, tension type headache, intracranial masses, and sinusitis and so on. The study was aimed to analyze the clinical findings and the results of neuroimaging studies in children with headache. Methods : A total of 120 children with headache were involved in the study who replied to the questionnaires at the department of pediatrics of Soonchunhyang University Hospital from March 2006 to October 2012. We evaluated the causes of headache by MRI scans and classified them based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders (2nd Edition, ICHD-II), 2004. Results : Thirty one out of 120 children (25.8%) were classified as secondary headache with abnormal MRI findings such as sinusitis, pineal cyst, venous angioma, demyelinating disease and 89 (74.2%) patients were classified into primary headaches. Migraines without aura were diagnosed in 43 (48.3%) patients, migraine with aura in 18 (20.2%) patients, and tension type headache in 21 (23.6%) patients respectively. There was no significant difference on the median age between the patients with primary (10.5 years) and secondary (9.13 years) headache. When compared by gender ratio, primary and secondary headaches were 1.34:1 and 2.1:1 respectively. Conclusion : The correct diagnosis of headache may not be simple due to a variety of presentations of headache in children. We therefore have to pay a close attention to their complaints and get the neuroimaging study done if necessary.

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