Association Between Anther Culture Response and 1RS Chromosome Segment in wheat Cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

To analyze the effect of 1RS chromosome segment on anther culture efficiency in wheat, 44 cultivars released from several countries were evaluated. The cultivars applied for this investigation came from several regions and it was necessary to confirm cultivars which carried 1RS chromosome segment. Using rye (Secale cereale L.) genome-specific RAPD markers (Operon primers, C10 and H20) and 1RS specific SSR marker(SCM 9), 10 wheat cultivars were identified to have 1RS chromosome segment. When 44 cultivars were divided depending on the existence of 1RS-chromosome segment, the rates of anther response, callus induction, plant regeneration and green plant for 10 cultivars carrying 1RS-chromosome segment were 11.7, 30.7, 19.1, and 12.7%, respectively. These rates were higher than those (2.0, 4.1, 2.0 and 0.8%) for the cultivars without 1RS-chromosome segment. Ten cultivars revealed relatively higher response than the mean value of 4.7% in the rate of anther response. Among them, 8 cultivars contained 1BL-1RS wheat-rye translocation. Wheat cultivars carrying the 1BL-1RS translocation may be more competent than the others of non-translocation for anther culture efficiency. This result strongly supports that 1RS-chromosome segment may contain positively effective genes for wheat anther culture.