Evaluation of Agronomic Characteristics for Development of Small Seed-size Soybeans by Interspecific Crosses
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Abstract
In general, it is known that smaller soybeans produce a higher sprout yield. The small soybean germplasm below 100 mg seed-1 is limited, so wild soybeans (Glycine soja) are useful genetic source for the breeding of small seed-size soybean for sprout. The objective of this study was to determine the number of backcrosses required for the development of small seed-size soybeans for sprout from two interspecific backcross populations. Those populations were generated by the crossing of one G. soja accession, KLG10084, with two G. max cultivars, Eunhakong and Sobaegnamulkong. Also the backcrossing by the G. max parent was carried out to obtain the BC1-BC3 population. No selection was conducted during the backcross in order to allow the evaluation of segregated patterns. As we expected, all agronomic characters-plant height, number of branches, number of nodes, seed weight, number of pods per plant, seed yield, degree of vine, and degree of lodging-gradually improved from the BC1 to the BC3 segregating population. The rate of the erect type, similar to the recurrent parents, increased to over 50% after two backcrosses. The 50 to 69 mg seed-1 could be selected in F2 without a backcrossing. In order to select more than 20% of plants with various seed weight ranges out of the whole F2 population, the number of backcrosses was one for 70 to 79 mg, one or two for 80 to 89 mg, two for 90 to 99 mg, and three for greater than 100 mg seed-1, respectively. The results indicated that at least two backcrosses are required for the selection of sprout soybean lines with a small seed-size of less than 100 mg seed-1 and desirable agronomic characteristics at the same time.
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