식물육종신기술(NPBTs)의 발전에 따른 신규식물(Novel Plant)의 위해성평가 동향
Novel Plant Breeding Techniques and Risk Assessment of Novel Plants
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In recent years, novel plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) have emerged, and safety assessment of the novel plant(s)generated using the NPBTs has drawn the attention of many stakeholders. The notable characteristics of the novel plants are asfollows: firstly, it is almost impossible to distinguish from the natural mutations in the conventional counterparts, becausesite-directed nuclease (SDN) and oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis (ODM) could introduce short indel(s) in the targetedregion(s) of the chromosomes. Secondly, the genome constitution of novel plants is almost identical to that of their conventionalcounterparts, eventually becoming indistinguishable by the introduction of only unmodified gene(s) from sexually compatiblespecies to the target host plant. Thirdly, it is possible to generate new plants that have the desired traits, but without introducinggenes. These plants will have some modified bases in their genome by selecting null-segregant(s) from heterozygous transgenicplants or by other epigenetic methods. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and manycountries developing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have concluded that novel plants developed using SDN, ODM,cisgenesis, intragenesis, or null-segregant techniques are treated in the same manner as non-genetically modified (GM) plants ormay even have less strict risk assessments depending on the case. Additionally, grafting and agro-infiltration are methods thatcan be used to avoid or reduce the burden of current strict GMO risk assessment. The risk assessments of some of the novelplants have already been performed and those of commercially important plants are expected to be performed in the near future. Hence, it is necessary to develop a competitive and practical NPBT that can mitigate the concern and revulsion toward GMOsin Korea.
Abstract
In recent years, novel plant breeding techniques (NPBTs) have emerged, and safety assessment of the novel plant(s)generated using the NPBTs has drawn the attention of many stakeholders. The notable characteristics of the novel plants are asfollows: firstly, it is almost impossible to distinguish from the natural mutations in the conventional counterparts, becausesite-directed nuclease (SDN) and oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis (ODM) could introduce short indel(s) in the targetedregion(s) of the chromosomes. Secondly, the genome constitution of novel plants is almost identical to that of their conventionalcounterparts, eventually becoming indistinguishable by the introduction of only unmodified gene(s) from sexually compatiblespecies to the target host plant. Thirdly, it is possible to generate new plants that have the desired traits, but without introducinggenes. These plants will have some modified bases in their genome by selecting null-segregant(s) from heterozygous transgenicplants or by other epigenetic methods. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and manycountries developing genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have concluded that novel plants developed using SDN, ODM,cisgenesis, intragenesis, or null-segregant techniques are treated in the same manner as non-genetically modified (GM) plants ormay even have less strict risk assessments depending on the case. Additionally, grafting and agro-infiltration are methods thatcan be used to avoid or reduce the burden of current strict GMO risk assessment. The risk assessments of some of the novelplants have already been performed and those of commercially important plants are expected to be performed in the near future. Hence, it is necessary to develop a competitive and practical NPBT that can mitigate the concern and revulsion toward GMOsin Korea.
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