On John Steinbeck’s War Propaganda Works: With John Rawls’s International Pacifism
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This article aims to evaluate John Steinbeck’s ideas in his war propaganda literature in the 1940s and compare them with John Rawls’s political philosophy in The Law of Peoples. Until now, Steinbeck’s fictions and non-fictions joining the American war effort during the World War Ⅱ have been undervalued as being hasty, superficial, mechanical, abstract, and even unrealistic as a solemn sacrifice to the greater cause of patriotism. Nevertheless, the writer did not lose his old concepts and rather developed them into a kind of international pacifism. To demonstrate this opinion, the researchers observe the works—Sea of Cortez, The Moon Is Down, Bombs Away, Once There Was a War, Lifeboat, A Medal for Benny, and A Russian Journal. As a result, these works turn out to materialize Steinbeck’s previous ideas, and especially A Russian Journal is analogous to Rawls’s view in that the international society should respect the peoples’ diversity under the absolute value of human rights. That is, Steinbeck’s group-man idea assumes another bigger entity other than the sum of individuals in a community and non-teleology cherishes what it is rather than what it should be. Meanwhile, Rawls insists that there should be a consolidated norm among the peoples and all the societies should observe the duty of non-intervention. Lastly, this interdisciplinary research shows that Steinbeck’s literature of propaganda is not too cheap or worthless.
Abstract
This article aims to evaluate John Steinbeck’s ideas in his war propaganda literature in the 1940s and compare them with John Rawls’s political philosophy in The Law of Peoples. Until now, Steinbeck’s fictions and non-fictions joining the American war effort during the World War Ⅱ have been undervalued as being hasty, superficial, mechanical, abstract, and even unrealistic as a solemn sacrifice to the greater cause of patriotism. Nevertheless, the writer did not lose his old concepts and rather developed them into a kind of international pacifism. To demonstrate this opinion, the researchers observe the works—Sea of Cortez, The Moon Is Down, Bombs Away, Once There Was a War, Lifeboat, A Medal for Benny, and A Russian Journal. As a result, these works turn out to materialize Steinbeck’s previous ideas, and especially A Russian Journal is analogous to Rawls’s view in that the international society should respect the peoples’ diversity under the absolute value of human rights. That is, Steinbeck’s group-man idea assumes another bigger entity other than the sum of individuals in a community and non-teleology cherishes what it is rather than what it should be. Meanwhile, Rawls insists that there should be a consolidated norm among the peoples and all the societies should observe the duty of non-intervention. Lastly, this interdisciplinary research shows that Steinbeck’s literature of propaganda is not too cheap or worthless.
참고문헌 (38)
- Astro, Richard, "John Steinbeck and Edward F. Ricketts: The Shaping of a Novelist" (1973), U of Minnesota P
- Atkinson, Oriana, "John Steinbeck and Robert Capa Record a Russian Journey", New York Times Book Review, 97(9), pp.3~ (1948)
- Audard, Catherine, "Rawls’s Law of Peoples, A Realistic Utopia?", pp.59~75 (2006), Blackwell
- Beitz, Charles R., "Rawls's Law of Peoples", Ethics, 110(4), pp.669~696 (2000)
- Benson, Jackson J, "The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer : A Biography" (1984), Viking Press
- Bradbury, Mark D., "The Moon Is Down", Rev. of The Moon Is Down, by John Steinbeck. Public Integrity, 9(2), pp.201~204 (2007)
- Brown, Alan, "From Artist to Craftsman: Steinbeck's Bombs Away", The Steinbeck Question: New Essays in Criticism, 213~222 (1993)
- Buitenhuis, Peter, "Prelude to War: The Interventionist Propaganda of Archibald MacLeish, Robert E. Sherwood, and John Steinbeck", Canadian Review of American Studies, 26(1), pp.1~30 (1996)
- Ditsky, John, "Rediscovering Steinbeck: Revisionist Views of His Art, Politics, and Intellect" (1989), Edwin Mellen
- Fontenrose, Joseph Eddy, "John Steinbeck : An Introduction and Interpretation" (1963), Holt, Rinehart and Winston
- French, Warren, "John Steinbeck's Fiction Revisited" (1994), Twayne
- Hedgpeth, Joel Walker, "The Outer Shores" (1978), Mad River
- Jowett, Garth S., "Propaganda & Persuasion" (2014), Sage
- Kant, Immanuel, "Kant Political Writings" (1991), Cambridge UP
- Kochi, Tarik, "The Problem of War—Rawls and the Law of Peoples", Law, Culture and the Humanities, 3(2), pp.244~265 (2007)
- Kukathas, Chandran, "Rawls : A Theory of Justice and its Critics" (1990), Polity
- 이건근, "The Moon Is Down by John Steinbeck from the Angle of Reader-Response Criticism", 미국소설, 22(2), pp.167~188 (2015), 미국소설학회
- Levant, Howard, "The Novels of John Steinbeck : A Critical Study" (1974), U of Missouri P
- Lisca, Peter, "The Wide World of John Steinbeck" (1981), Gordian Press
- Lovejoy, Arthur O, "The Great Chain of Being : A Study of the History of an Idea" (2011), Transaction
- McElrath Jr. Joseph R., "John Steinbeck : the Contemporary Reviews 8" (2009), Cambridge UP
- Millichap, Joseph R, "Steinbeck and Film" (1983), Frederick Ungar
- Morsberger, Robert E., "Steinbeck’s War", The Steinbeck Question: New Essays in Criticism, 183~212 (1993)
- Parini, Jay, "John Steinbeck : a Biography" (1994), Heinemann
- Rawls, John, "The Law of Peoples: with “The Idea of Public Reason Revisited”" (2001), Harvard UP
- Rawls, John, "A Theory of Justice" (2009), Harvard UP
- Savic, Obrad, "The Politics of Human Rights" (1999), Verso
- Schultz, Jeffrey D., "Critical Companion to John Steinbeck : A Literary Reference to His Life and Work" (2005), Infobase
- Steinbeck, John, "Bombs Away: The Story of a Bomber Team" (2009), Penguin
- Steinbeck, John, "The Log from The Sea of Cortez" (1995), Penguin
- Steinbeck, John, "The Moon is Down" (1995), Penguin
- Steinbeck, John, "Once There Was a War" (2007), Penguin
- Steinbeck, John, "A Russian Journal" (1999), Penguin
- Tan, Kok-Chor, "Rawls’s Law of Peoples, A Realistic Utopia?", pp.76~94 (2006), Blackwell
- Timmerman, John H, "John Steinbeck’s Fiction : The Aesthetics of the Road Taken" (1986), U of Oklahoma P
- Walzer, Michael, "On Toleration" (1997), Yale UP
- Wood, Alan, "Stalin and Stalinism" (2005), Psychology
- "John Rawls' Theory of Blind ‘Justice’" (2015)[URL]