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“깨진 거울”, “디페랑”, “느슨한-정박”—이창래의 제스처 라이프의 서니 재독해

‘The Broken Mirror,’ ‘Différend,’ and ‘Anchoring’: Rereading Sunny in A Gesture Life

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Concerning Chang-rae Lee’s 1999 novel A Gesture Life, there have been many discussions on the complexity of its protagonist, Franklin Hata. Therefore, it is worth focusing instead on Sunny, another complicated character. Sunny, whose identity is theoretically ‘over-determined’ by various categories, tends to be discussed and represented with a fragmented face, which suggests two possible things: articulation and re-articulation. The term ‘articulate’ has an interesting double meaning: one is ‘to utter’ and the other is as follows: According to Stuart Hall, when two different elements are ‘articulated,’ they “can, but need not necessarily, be connected to one another,” so can be ‘re-articulated’ as well. Thus, this paper attempts to reinterpret Sunny in terms of ‘articulation,’ focusing on a paradox of silence as her ‘articulating’ condition and her (cultural) identity as the ‘positioning,’ which are called ‘différend’ and ‘anchoring’ respectively.

Abstract

Concerning Chang-rae Lee’s 1999 novel A Gesture Life, there have been many discussions on the complexity of its protagonist, Franklin Hata. Therefore, it is worth focusing instead on Sunny, another complicated character. Sunny, whose identity is theoretically ‘over-determined’ by various categories, tends to be discussed and represented with a fragmented face, which suggests two possible things: articulation and re-articulation. The term ‘articulate’ has an interesting double meaning: one is ‘to utter’ and the other is as follows: According to Stuart Hall, when two different elements are ‘articulated,’ they “can, but need not necessarily, be connected to one another,” so can be ‘re-articulated’ as well. Thus, this paper attempts to reinterpret Sunny in terms of ‘articulation,’ focusing on a paradox of silence as her ‘articulating’ condition and her (cultural) identity as the ‘positioning,’ which are called ‘différend’ and ‘anchoring’ respectively.

참고문헌 (23)

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  2. 마슈레, "문학생산의 이론을 위하여" (2014), 그린비
  3. 스피박, 가야트리, "서발턴은 말할 수 있는가? : 서발턴 개념의 역사에 관한 성찰들" (2013), 그린비
  4. 안아람, "이창래의 『제스처 인생』에 나타난 인종적 패싱과 트라우마", 영어영문학21, 29(4), pp.137~157 (2016), 21세기영어영문학회[DOI]
  5. 안아람, "행복의 서사 속 정서 이방인—앨리슨 벡델의 <펀 홈>", 영어영문학21, 34(4), pp.149~172 (2021), 21세기영어영문학회[DOI]
  6. 양나영, "Hata’s Black Sun: The Melancholic and the (Gendered) Morbid Bodies in A Gesture Life", 미국학, 41(1), pp.179~202 (2018), 미국학연구소[DOI]
  7. 이소희, "Cultural Citizenship as Subject-Making in Comfort Woman and A Gesture Life", 영미문학페미니즘, 14(2), pp.91~123 (2006), 한국영미문학페미니즘학회
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  9. 임경규, "집으로 가는길: 디아스포라의 집에 대한 상상력", pp.323~354 (2018), 앨피
  10. 조은영, "서니 다시 읽기: 이창래의 제스처 라이프 속 행복한 대상과 정동적 전복성", 미국학, 45(1), pp.119~143 (2022), 미국학연구소[DOI]
  11. Carroll, Hamilton, "Traumatic Patriarchy : Reading Gendered Nationalisms in Chang-rae Lee’s A Gesture Life", MFS, 51(3), pp.592~616 (2005)
  12. Cheng, Anne Anlin, "Passing, natural selection, and love’s failure : Ethics of survival from Chang-rae Lee to Jaques Lacan", American Literary History, 17(3), pp.553~574 (2005)
  13. Fanon, Frantz, "The Wretched of the Earth", pp.166~199 (2001), Penguin Classics
  14. Grossberg, Lawrence, "Stuart Hall: Critical Dialogue in Cultural Studies", pp.131~150 (1996), Routledge
  15. Hall, Stuart, "Identity, Community, Culture, Difference", pp.222~237 (1990), Lawrence & Wishart
  16. Hall, Stuart, "Cultural Studies Reader", pp.507~517 (1999), Routledge
  17. Hall, Stuart, "“Minimal Selves.” Identity: The Real Me", ICA Documents 6, 44~46 (1987)
  18. Jerng, Mark C, "Recognizing the Transracial Adoptee : Adoption Life Stories and Chang-rae Lee’s A Gesture Life", MELUS, 31(2), pp.41~67 (2006)
  19. Lee, Chang-rae, "A Gesture Life" (1999), Riverhead Book
  20. Lee, Young-oak, "Gender, Race, and the Nation in A Gesture Life", Critique : Studies in Contemporary Fiction, 46(2), pp.146~159 (2005)
  21. Lee, Young-oak, "Language and Identity : An Interview with Chang-rae Lee", Amerasia Journal, 30(1), pp.215~227 (2004)
  22. Lyotard, Jean-François., "The Differend: Phrases in Dispute" (1988), University of Minnesota Press
  23. Osborne, Peter., "Culture and Power : Interview with Stuart Hall", Radical Philosophy, 86, pp.24~41 (1997)

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