본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

An Analysis of Korean EFL University Novice Writers’ Cognitive and Metacognitive Writing Strategies in a Mobile-based Process Writing Model

0

조회

0

다운로드

2

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

주제분류영어와문학

초록

This study aimed to explore how Korean EFL university writers facilitated cognitive writing strategies (CWS) and metacognitive writing strategies (MWS) to improve writing performance in a mobile-based writing setting. Along with Kakao-Talk-based composition activities, 43 Korean undergraduates regularly participated in process-oriented writing. This study analyzed the relationship between CWS and MWS and categorized learners’ writing texts from a psychometric perspective. The results revealed that the more the participants were aware of CWS and MWS, the better language proficiency they could acquire. In particular, MWS (r = .786) affected students’ post-test scores more positively than CWS (r = .526). Next, the EFL learners took advantage of the reciprocal effect of elements in the writing strategies. Among the elements, the cognitive comprehending process (CWS-CP) and the memory-retrieval process (CWS-MRP) in CWS showed the strongest interactivity with the metacognitive monitoring (MWS-M) and evaluating writing product (MWS-EP) in MWS. The knowledge shared with peers through short sentence formulation in a virtual space could help the participants to clarify and elaborate their thoughts in the extended writing. While connecting their experience with acquired knowledge, novice writers could increase their self-confidence in writing. In conclusion, the mobile-based process writing model can contribute to activating Korean EFL novice writers’ self-directed writing strategies.

Abstract

This study aimed to explore how Korean EFL university writers facilitated cognitive writing strategies (CWS) and metacognitive writing strategies (MWS) to improve writing performance in a mobile-based writing setting. Along with Kakao-Talk-based composition activities, 43 Korean undergraduates regularly participated in process-oriented writing. This study analyzed the relationship between CWS and MWS and categorized learners’ writing texts from a psychometric perspective. The results revealed that the more the participants were aware of CWS and MWS, the better language proficiency they could acquire. In particular, MWS (r = .786) affected students’ post-test scores more positively than CWS (r = .526). Next, the EFL learners took advantage of the reciprocal effect of elements in the writing strategies. Among the elements, the cognitive comprehending process (CWS-CP) and the memory-retrieval process (CWS-MRP) in CWS showed the strongest interactivity with the metacognitive monitoring (MWS-M) and evaluating writing product (MWS-EP) in MWS. The knowledge shared with peers through short sentence formulation in a virtual space could help the participants to clarify and elaborate their thoughts in the extended writing. While connecting their experience with acquired knowledge, novice writers could increase their self-confidence in writing. In conclusion, the mobile-based process writing model can contribute to activating Korean EFL novice writers’ self-directed writing strategies.

참고문헌 (49)

  1. Barsalou, L. W., "Cognitive psychology: An overview for cognitive scientists" (2014), Psychology Press
  2. Boyd, D. M., "Social network sites; Definition, history and scholarship", Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), pp.210~230 (2007)
  3. Chen, J. -H, "Freewriting can offset the EFL students’ anxiety of writing in English", Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy, 3(12), pp.445~450 (2019)
  4. Chenoweth, N., "Fluency in writing : Generating text in L1 and L2", Written Communication, 18(1), pp.80~98 (2001)
  5. Cognitive models of writing : Writing proficiency as a complex integrated skills, "Deane, P.", ~, pp.ETS RR-08-55 (2008)
  6. "Helping Students Learn in a Learner-Centered Environment. A Guide to Facilitating Learning in Higher Education, Stylus" (2008)[URL]
  7. Flavell, J. H, "Metacognition and cognitive monitoring : New area of cognitive-developmental inquiry", American Psychologist, 34(10), pp.906~911 (1979)
  8. Galbraith, D, "Cognitive models of writing", German as a Foreign Language, 2(3), pp.6~22 (2009)
  9. Graesser, A. C., "Coh-metrix:Analysis of text on cohesion and language", Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36, pp.193~202 (2004)
  10. Graham, S., "Writing next: Effective strategies improve the writing of adolescents in middle and high school" (2007), Carnegie Corporation. Alliance for Excellent Education
  11. Graham, S., "A meta-analysis of writing instruction for adolescent students", Journal of Educational Psychology, 99(3), pp.445~476 (2007)
  12. Hayes, J., "Writing research and the writer", American Psychologist, 41, pp.1106~1113 (1986)
  13. Hidi, S., "Motivating the academically unmotivated : A critical issue for the 21st century", Review of Educational Research, 70(2), pp.151~179 (2000)
  14. Hornik, R, "Out-of school television and schooling : Hypothesis and method", Review of Educational Research, 51(2), pp.193~214 (1981)
  15. Hung, C. -M., "A project-based digital storytelling approach for improving students’ learning motivation, problem-solving competence and learning achievement", Educational Technology & Society, 15(4), pp.368~379 (2012)
  16. Joaquin, A. D. L., "Examining prewriting strategies in L2 writing : Do they really work", Asian EFL Journal, 18(2), pp.156~189 (2016)
  17. Kalyuga, S., "Guest editorial : Managing cognitive load in technology-based learning environments", Educational Technology & Society, 18(4), pp.1~8 (2015)
  18. Kalyuga, S., "Measuring knowledge to optimize cognitive load factors during instruction", Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(3), pp.558~568 (2004)
  19. Kasper, L. F, "Assessing the metacognitive growth of ESL student writers", Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language(TESL-EJ), 3(1), pp.1~16 (1997)
  20. Khiat, H., "Measuring self-directed learning: A diagnostic tool for adult learners", Journal of University Teaching & Learning Practice, 12(2) (2015)[DOI]
  21. Kirsh, D, "A few thoughts on cognitive overload", Intellectica, 1(30), pp.19~51 (2000)
  22. 고광규, "The Effects of Hybrid Instruction on Task-Based Learning", 영상영어교육, 15(2), pp.93~113 (2014), 영상영어교육학회[DOI]
  23. Kuhn, D., "Metacognition : A bridge between cognitive psychology and educational practice", Theory into Practice, 43(4), pp.268~273 (2004)
  24. 이광순, "A Strategy for SNS-based Writing Practice to Leverage Less Proficient Students’ Participation and Pedagogical Performance", 영상영어교육, 15(2), pp.115~145 (2014), 영상영어교육학회[DOI]
  25. Lepp, A., "The Relationship between cell phone use and academic performance in a sample of U.S. college students" (2015), SAGE
  26. Li, X, "Cognitive transfer and English writing", English Language Teaching, 1(1), pp.113~115 (2008)
  27. Lutz, S. T., "Educational Psychology Interactive" (2003), Valdosta State University
  28. 마지현, "L2 쓰기 학습에서 자유글쓰기의 효과", 영어영문학21, 35(2), pp.243~264 (2022), 21세기영어영문학회[DOI]
  29. Mackarthur, C. A., "Handbook of writing research" (2008), Gillford Press
  30. Mahmoud, S. S, "The effect of using English SMS on KAU foundation year students’ speaking and writing performance", American International Journal of Social Science, 2(2), pp.13~22 (2013)
  31. Makino, T. Y, "Learner self-correction in EFL written composition", ELT Journal, 47(4), pp.337~341 (1993)
  32. Mayer, R. E., "Nine ways to reduce cognitive load in multimedia learning", Educational Psychologist, 38, pp.43~52 (2003)
  33. McLeod, L, "Young children and metacognition : Do we know what they know they know? And if so", what do we do about it? Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 22(2), pp.6~11 (1997)
  34. Mohamed, M., "EFL writing hindrances and challenges : The case of second year students of English at Djillali Liabes", Journal of Educational and Social Research, 4(3), pp.149~156 (2014)
  35. Moreno, R., "Cognitive load and learning effects of having students organize pictures and words in multimedia environments : The role of student interactivity and feedback", Educational Technology Research &Development(ETR&D), 53(3), pp.35~45 (2005)
  36. Novak, J. D., "Theoretical origins of concept maps, how to construct them and uses in education", Reflecting Education, 3(1), pp.29~42 (2007)
  37. Oxford, R. L., "Learning Styles & Strategies" (2003), GALA
  38. Robert, D. F., "Trends in media use", The Future of Children, 18(1), pp.11~37 (2008)
  39. Ryan, R. M., "Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations : Classic definitions and new directions", Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, pp.54~67 (2000)
  40. Schraw, G, "Promoting general metacognitive awareness", Instructional Science, 26, pp.113~125 (1998)
  41. Schwonke, R., "Metacognitive support promotes an effective use of instructional resources in intelligent tutoring", Learning and Instruction, 23(1), pp.136~150 (2013)
  42. Short, J. C., "More than words? Computer-aided text analysis in organizational behavior and psychology research", Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, pp.415~435 (2018)
  43. Steinberg, D. D., "An introduction to psycholinguistics", Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, 109(4), pp.492~495 (2008)
  44. Sweller, J, "Cognitive load theory, learning difficulty and instructional design", Learning and Instruction, 4(4), pp.293~312 (1994)
  45. Tausczik, Y. R., "The psychological meaning of words : LWIC and computerized text analysis methods", Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 29(1), pp.24~54 (2010)
  46. "Investigating relationship between ESL writer’s strategy use and their second language writing ability" (2004)[URL]
  47. Williams, T. O., "A study of native Spanish speakers’ writing in English for teachers", Inquiry, 8(1) (2003)
  48. Woods, E, "Communication abilities as predictors of verbal and nonverbal performance in persuasive interaction", Communication Reports, 11, pp.167~178 (1998)
  49. Xiao, Y, "Applying metacognition in EFL writing instruction in China", Reflections on English Language Teaching, 6(1), pp.19~33 (2007)

관련 논문AI추천

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (16건)