농촌마을의 장례조직과 협력양상의 변화: 충남지역 두 마을의 사례를 중심으로

Abstract

This research made an analysis of the formation of funeral organization, its operation and village members' cooperative aspects by giving examples of the two villages which are located in rural areas. Through this analysis, this research is aimed at considering the changing funeral culture in villages in modern society and further to analyze the working factors between urban and rural areas, and between villages. The research results are as follows: First, as a great number of the village people leave their village and the population is aging, and subsequently it becomes difficult for villagers to maintain their informal & customary mutual-aid, the village at Hancheon-ri and Jangha-ri formed a new funeral organization and compulsory regulations for cooperation in time of a funeral in 1997 and in 2003 respectively. The newly formed funeral organization makes it a rule to join voluntarily based on the free will of the party involved unlike that in the past; in addition, the new organization includes the persons who left their village, but still have connections in the village, let alone village members. The village members are required to cooperate & participate in a funeral obligatorily. Second, it was found that the residents in two villages have sharply moved the space for a funeral ceremony from home to a funeral hall since 2005. In addition, this research results show that as of the year 2010, almost 100% of the residents at Jangha-ri and about 70% of the residents at Hancheon-ri are using a funeral hall. Such a difference is analyzed to be derived from socio-economic characteristics of each village. The residents in both villages have strong solidarity between residents in common, but a large proportion of the villagers living at Hancheon-ri, as low-income farmers, are engaged in rice&upland-cropping-centered agriculture, and hold their funeral at home. In contrast, it is estimated that most of the farming houses at Jangha-ri are engaged in protected agriculture, so a large number of the village members are with busy lifestyle at a comparative higher income level, and generally prefer to use a funeral hall. Third, both villages prefer a cremation to a burial, and have a tendency to have a funeral at a funeral hall rather than at home at an overwhelming ratio. In addition, in case a funeral ceremony is held at home, village members' cooperation is found to be more positive. This means village members' cooperation is limited to economic mutual aid at a funeral hall, but in time of a burial, the village cooperation on a funeral and cooperative aspects of a funeral organization at a certain level have been firmly maintained . In other words, a considerable number of villages are found to have maintained their communal practices of a funeral through the ties between the persons who lefund tir village and villages in preparation for the decrease in young population. In addition, village members' obligatory cooperation on a funeral igattill being made at various levels. Accordingly, it is concludere found tooutribute of a funeral community of a village igattill maintained at a certain level.