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그람양성세균각막염에 대한 임상적, 미생물학적 분석: 15년 연구

Clinical and Microbiological Analysis of Gram-Positive Bacterial Keratitis, a 15-Year Review

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목적: 그람양성세균각막염에서 원인균과 항생제내성의 변화 추이, 균주별 임상양상 및 예후인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 1998년 1월부터 15년 동안 감염각막염 환자 중 그람양성균이 동정된 146안 152균주를 대상으로 후향적으로 조사하였다. 원인균주와 항생제내성의 변화추이를 3년 간격으로 나누어 분석하였으며, 환자 역학과 임상적 특성을 균주별로 비교하였다. 로지스틱회귀분석을 통해 예후인자를 확인하였다. 결과: 세균각막염에서 그람양성균의 동정률은 최근 감소하였으며 균주별 분포는 변화가 없었다. 흔한 균주는 S. epidermidis (48.7%),S. aureus (25.0%), S. pneumoniae (7.2%) 순이었다. 전체 그람양성균에 대한 fluoroquinolone계 내성은 증가 경향을 보였으며(p=0.104), gentamicin 내성은 감소하였다(p=0.010). S. epidermidis가 다른 균주들에 비해 상피재생완료일이 짧았고(p=0.035), 치료후 최대교정시력이 양호하였다(p=0.035). 시력호전불량의 위험인자는 초진 시 교정시력 0.1 미만(p<0.001)과 상피재생완료일 10일이상(p=0.001)이 유의하였다. 결론: 세균각막염에서 그람양성균 동정은 최근 감소하는 추세이며 S. epidermidis가 가장 흔한 균이었다. 임상경과와 치료 후 시력에서 S. epidermidis가 양호하였다. 초진 시 교정시력 0.1 미만은 시력호전불량과 수술치료에 이르는 주요 위험인자이었다.

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the shifting trends of pathogenic organisms, antibiotic resistance, and clinical characteristics of patientswith Gram-positive bacterial keratitis and to elucidate the prognostic factors. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of 152 isolates in 146 eyes with Gram-positive bacterial keratitis betweenJanuary 1998 and December 2012. The study was divided into 5 periods for analysis of the bacteriological profiles and in vitroantibiotic resistance. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics were compared according to bacterial isolates. Logisticregression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors. Results: Gram-positive bacterial keratitis tended to decrease and significant change in the distribution of isolates was notobserved. Commonly isolated organisms were S. epidermidis (48.7%), S. aureus (25.0%), and S. pneumoniae (7.2%) in order offrequency. The resistance to fluoroquinolone tended to increase (p = 0.104) and resistance to gentamicin was significantlydecreased (p = 0.01). S. epidermidis had the shortest corneal epithelium healing time (p = 0.035) and the most favorable visualoutcome after treatment (p = 0.035) compared with the other species. Risk factors for poor visual outcomes included a bestcorrected visual acuity less than 0.1 at initial evaluation and an epithelial healing time greater than 10 days. Conclusions: Gram-positive bacterial keratitis tended to decrease and S. epidermidis was the most common isolate. The clinicalprognosis was most favorable in S. epidermidis. The BCVA less than 0.1 at initial evaluation was an important risk factor for poorvisual outcome and surgical treatment in Gram-positive bacterial keratitis.

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