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정상 안저 소견을 보이는 제2형 당뇨 환자에서 대비감도 변화와 내측 망막두께 분석

Contrast Sensitivity and Inner Retinal Layer Thickness Analysis of Type 2 Diabetic Patients Without Retinopathy

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목적: 정상 안저 소견을 보이는 제2형 당뇨 환자와 정상인의 대비감도를 비교하고 당뇨 환자의 내측 망막두께를 분석하여 대비감도 변화에 영향을 미치는 인자를 분석하고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 정상 안저 소견의 당뇨 환자 75안과 정상인 41안을 대상으로 암소시와 명소시 조건하에서 6.3°, 4.0°, 2.5°, 1.6°, 1.0°, 0.64°의 시각(degree)을 가진 시표에 대해 대비감도 역치를 측정하였고, 당뇨 환자에서는 빛간섭단층촬영을 이용하여 전체 망막두께, 망막신경섬유층(retinal nerve fiber layer, RNFL) 및 신경절세포-내망상층(ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer, GC-IPL)의 두께를 측정하였다. 결과: 당뇨 환자군은 대조군에 비해 암소시 및 명소시의 모든 시각에서 대비감도 역치가 감소되었다. 당뇨 환자 중 대비감도 역치가 감소된 군은 감소되지 않은 군에 비해 유병 기간이 길었고, 전체 망막두께와 평균 GC-IPL 두께, 상측 RNFL과 상측 및 이측 GC-IPL 두께가 얇았다. 대비감도 저하의 위험인자는 당뇨 유병 기간과 전체 망막두께로 나타났다(각각 odds ratio=1.117, 0.942). 결론: 제2형 당뇨 환자에서 당뇨의 유병 기간이 길어질수록 대비감도가 감소되며, 신경망막의 변성은 내측 망막 및 전체 망막두께 변화를 야기하고 대비감도 변화에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 유병 기간이 긴 당뇨 환자에서는 정상 안저 소견을 보인다 하여도 대비감도 변화와 빛간섭단층촬영상 망막두께의 변화에 유념할 필요가 있다.

Abstract

Purpose: To compare the contrast sensitivities of type 2 diabetic patients without retinopathy and healthy subjects, and to assess the risk factors associated with a change in contrast sensitivity in diabetes. Methods: A total of 75 (diabetic patients without retinopathy) and 41 (healthy subjects) eyes were reviewed from the medical records. The threshold of contrast sensitivity was measured at 6.3°, 4.0°, 2.5°, 1.6°, 1.0°, and 0.64° under scotopic and photopic states. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging was used to measure the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thickness in diabetic patients. Results: Diabetic patients showed a lower threshold of contrast sensitivity at all degree measures than did the controls under both scotopic and photopic states. In subgroup analyses, diabetic patients with abnormal contrast sensitivity showed a longer duration of diabetes, decreased total retinal thickness, and decreased average GC-IPL, superior RNFL, superior GC-IPL, and temporal GC-IPL thicknesses. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the duration of diabetes and total retinal thickness were significant predictive factors of decreased contrast sensitivity (odds ratio = 1.117 and 0.942, respectively). Conclusions: As the duration of diabetes increased, the contrast sensitivity decreased in type 2 diabetic patients. Neuroretinal degeneration changes both the inner retinal thickness and total retinal thickness and affects contrast sensitivity. Therefore, for longer-term diabetic patients, it is necessary to consider the changes in contrast sensitivity and retinal thickness on OCT evaluation, even if the patient presents with normal fundus findings.

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