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갑상샘눈병증에서 갑상샘 자극 면역글로불린 수치의 변화에 따른 망막 및 맥락막혈관의 변화

Correlation between Changes in Thyroid Stimulating Immunoglobulin Levels and Chorioretinal Vessels in Thyroid Eye Disease

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목적: 갑상샘눈병증 환자에서 갑상샘 자극 면역글로불린 수치 변화에 따른 망막 및 맥락막혈관의 변화를 분석하여, 혈청 수치 변화에 따른 안구 내 혈관의 변화를 알아보고자 한다. 대상과 방법: 갑상샘눈병증으로 진단받은 41명을 대상으로 내원 당시 임상적으로 유의미한 갑상샘 자극 면역글로불린 sample-toreference ratio (%) 이상(>140)을 보인 실험군과 그렇지 않은 대조군으로 나누었다. 실험군 내에서는 중앙값 451을 기준으로 그룹 A와 B로 나누었다. 빛간섭단층촬영과 빛간섭단층혈관조영을 이용하여 망막의 표층부 무혈관 부위 및 심층부 무혈관 부위, 황반부중심의 지름 1 mm 중심와, 3 mm 중심와부근 영역의 표층모세혈관총밀도, 심층모세혈관총밀도 및 맥락막두께, 맥락막혈관지수를 측정하였다. 결과: 실험군에서 갑상샘 자극 면역글로불린 수치의 변화와 3 mm 중심와부근 표층모세혈관총밀도의 변화는 상관계수 0.307로 뚜렷한 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 이는 통계적으로 유의하였다(p=0.040). 실험군 내 그룹 B에서 갑상샘 자극 면역글로불린 수치의 변화와 표층부 무혈관 부위가 상관계수 -0.417로 강한 음의 상관관계를 보였으나, 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(p=0.053). 결론: 갑상샘 자극 면역글로불린 이상(>140)을 가진 갑상샘눈병증 환자에서 갑상샘 자극 면역글로불린이 증가할수록 3 mm 중심와부근 표층모세혈관총밀도가 유의하게 커지며, 특히 중등도 이상(갑상샘 자극 면역글로불린 ≥ 451)의 군에서 수치가 증가할 때, 표층의망막혈관 밀도와 맥락막혈류의 증가하는 것으로 생각되며, 이 보상기전에 의해 표층부 무혈관 부위는 줄어드는 경향을 보였다.

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the changes in retinal and choroidal vessels according to changes in thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) in patients with thyroid eye disease (TED). Methods: A total of 41 patients (82 eyes) with TED were enrolled. The subjects were divided into two groups: an experimental group with clinically significant TSI sample-to-reference ratio (%) abnormalities (> 140) and a control group. Within the experimental group, the median value of 451 was used to further classify patients into groups A and B. Using optical coherence tomography/ angiography, the sizes of the superficial fovea avascular zone (sFAZ) and deep fovea avascular zone, the diameter of the macular center 1 mm fovea, 3 mm parafovea superficial capillary plexus density (sCPD), deep capillary plexus density, choroidal thickness, and choroidal vascularity index were measured. Results: In the experimental group, the change in the TSI value and the change in the 3 mm parafovea sCPD showed a significant positive correlation (p = 0.040) with a correlation coefficient of 0.307. Among group B patients of the experimental group, the changes in the TSI value and sFAZ showed a strong negative correlation (-0.417), but it was not statistically significant (p = 0.053). Conclusions: In TED patients with clinically significant TSI levels (> 140), blood vessel density in the superficial layer of the 3 mm parafovea significantly increased with TSI. Especially in the high TSI (≥ 451) group, superficial retinal vessel density and choroidal blood flow increased with TSI level whereas the sFAZ tended to decrease due to compensation mechanisms.

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