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궁둥신경절단이흰쥐장딴지근에미치는영향

The Effects of Sciatic Neurectomy on Rat Gastrocnemius Muscle

김형태|임정민|오상수
대한체질인류학회|2008.06|해부·생물인류학 (Anatomy & Biological Anthropology)|제21권 제2호|pp. 149-165|DOI 10.11637/aba.2008.21.2.149

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참고문헌

키워드

위축AtrophySciatic nerve신경절단Denervation장딴지근궁둥신경근육세포NeurectomyMuscle fiberGastrocnemius muscle
주제분류해부학

초록

근육위축은 신경절단이나 부동, 고정, 비운동, 비부하 등에 의해 유발될 수 있다. 본 연구는 신경절단 후 일어나는 근육 손상의 기전을 이해하고자 시행되었다. 흰쥐 왼궁둥신경을 절단한 후 8주에 양쪽 장딴지근의 형태학적 변화를 광학 및 전자현미경으로 관찰하였고, Western blot 분석을 통해 근육발육과 관련된 단백질의 발현정도를 측정하였다. 궁둥신경이 절단된 왼쪽 다리의 장딴지근의 무게는 유의하게 감소되었다. 광학현미경상에서 신경절단에 의해 근육섬유의 직경과 가로면의 면적이 정상대조군에 비하여 현저하게 감소하였다. 장딴지근에서 아교섬유가 신경절 단 후 증가되었다. 전자현미경상에서 신경절단에 따른 근육섬유의 변화는 주로 근원섬유의 손상과 소실, 사립체의 손상과 소실, 가로세관 및 근육형질세망의 소실 등이었다. 근육원섬유의 직경이 작아지고, 근육원섬유의 구성성분 인 굵은 및 가는 근육미세섬유의 수가 현저하게 감소하였으며 이들의 배열이 매우 불규칙하였다. 근육원섬유마디 에서 끝가로막의 소실이 근육미세섬유의 소실보다 더 많았고, 가는근육미세섬유의 소실이 굵은근육미세섬유보다 더 심했다. 근육섬유의 핵은 퍼진염색질과 약한 뭉친염색질을 보였으며, 간혹 핵소체도 관찰되었다. 사립체의 손상 은 주로 농축과 팽대 및 사립체능선의 소실 등이었다. 가로세관이나 근육형질세망은 그 수가 감소하였으며, 근육 형질내에 무정형의 물질들과 함께 불규칙하게 흩어져 있었다. 결합조직내에서 간혹 근육위성세포가 근육섬유와 인접하여 관찰되었으며, 형태학적으로 비활성상태였다. 근육섬유의 발육관련 인자인 MyoD와 myogenin은 현저하 게 감소하였고, 세포의 성장과 증식에 관련된 인자인 인산화 mTOR와 FOXO1도 감소하였다. 반면에 세포위축관 련인자인 MuRF1은 현저하게 증가하였다. 이상의 결과는 신경절단에 의한 장딴지근의 형태학적 변화는 근육섬유의 발육을 유지하는 단백형성의 감소와 단백파괴의 증가에 의한 근육미세섬유와 세포소기관의 소실에 따른 세포위축에 기인하는 것으로 추측된다.

Abstract

The effects of unilateral sciatic neurectomy on gastrocnemius muscle were studied in adult male rats. The morphological changes of both gastrocnemius muscles were observed by light and electron microscopy. Western blot analysis was performed to study the protein expression. Following the denervation, the affected muscle weights decreased significantly than normal. And the denervation led to a significant reduction in the area and diameter of muscle fibers on light microscopy. The affected muscle fibers showed the decreasing in size and the irregularity of myofibrilar arrangement on electron microscopy. On transverse view, the area of affected muscle fibers were smaller than normal. Their myofibrils were smaller and very irregular in size. The thin and thick myofilaments were not regular and partially lost. Mitochondria between myofibrils and subsarcolemmal were mostly lost and irregular. Some satellite cells were observed adjacent the muscle fiber, but they were inactive morphologically. On longitudinal view, most of myofibrils in affected muscle fibers were lost generally or partially although the their most sarcomeres were regularly arranged. Z line and myofilaments were lost partially and were partially irregularly arranged. The loss of thin myofilaments was more than that of thick myofilaments. Much debris of cell organelles were scattered among myofibrils. The expression of MyoD and myogenin were decrease significantly and the expression of p-mTOR and p-FOXO1 were decreased, too. On the other hand, MuRF1 was increased significantly. Taken together, the main effect of gastrocnemius muscle by sciatic neurectomy is the atrophy as a result of the loss of myofilaments and cell organelles through the decrease of protein synthesis and the increase of protein degradation.

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