한국인의 컴퓨터 단층촬영 영상을 이용한 법의인류학적 연구의 현황과 과제
Forensic Anthropological Studies using Korean CT Data: The Present and the Future
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컴퓨터단층촬영술 (CT)로 축적된 자료는 법의인류학적 방법론 개발에 이용가능한 집단 차원의 생물학적 특성을 바탕으로 개인식별 지표를 개발할 수 있게 하며, 집단 간 비교 연구를 보다 폭넓게 이루어질 수 있게 한다. 이러한 자료는 오늘날 가상인류학의 핵심 연구 자료가 되었다. 이러한 맥락에서 이 연구에서는 한국인 CT 자료를 이용해구축된 자료와 지금까지의 연구 성과를 검토함으로써 한국인의 컴퓨터단층촬영술을 이용한 법의인류학적 연구의 경향을 파악하고자 했다. 국내외 주요 법의인류학 데이터베이스와 학술지를 검토한 바에 의하면 한국인의 CT 자료에 대한 데이터 베이스가 체계적으로 축적된 예는 몇몇 사례에 그쳤다. 이와 관련해 2013년부터 국립과학수사연구원에서 축적하고 있는 부검 시신의 CT 자료가 현재까지는 가장 규모가 컸다. 한국인 CT 자료를 이용한 연구 성과물은 2010년을전후로 출판되기 시작하였고 생물학적 속성 복원을 위한 성별 추정 방법에 대한 연구가 많은 비중을 차지하고 있었다. CT를 비롯한 법의인류학적 이미지 분석기술은 측정 환경과 분석 변수만 명확히 제시되면 인구집단 간 다양한 비교와메타 분석을 보다 폭넓게 가능하도록 한다. 따라서 향후 한국인 CT 자료를 이용해 연구를 진행할 때에도 표준화된 방법의 구현과 뼈 모델의 신뢰도 문제를 충분히 고려해야 한다. 이렇게 이루어진 자료들은 한국인에 적합한 법의인류학적기준을 정립하고 다양한 인구집단 간 변이를 연구하는 데 폭넓게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) allows to inspect and identify the internal features of human tissues in a non-destructive way and to reconstruct their three-dimensional (3D) morphology. Nowadays, CT data have become one of the key research materials in the field of virtual anthropology. Particularly in forensic anthropology, CT data are often used not only to document biological properties of a population and generate population-specific standards for an identification purpose but also to perform comparative studies between populations. This study aims to survey the state of CT databases established in South Korea and research outcomes from the databases to understand the trend of forensic anthropological studies using Korean CT data, which will contribute to an expansion of the scope of Korean forensic anthropology. There are only a few Korean CT databases available for forensic anthropological studies. The largest Korean CT database is the Forensic CT Database managed by the National Forensic Service (NFS) since 2013. The NFS database is still growing by adding new CT data from the forensic cases and has a great potential as a research resource. Research articles using Korean CT data have been published in multiple domestic and international forensic journals since the late 2000s. The two most dominant topics were to generate Koreanspecific sex estimation techniques based on the metric assessment of different body parts and to examine the thickness and shape of soft tissues on the face in terms of the facial reconstruction. There are only a limited number of studies dealing with other topics such as age estimation. Recent advancement of the forensic imaging techniques including the CT method creates a new environment for researchers. In this situation, detailed information about the measurement methods and clearly defined variables are critical to conduct various inter-population comparisons and meta-analyses. Thus, when CT-related research is performed, the issue of standardization and reliability of the measurement methods should be considerately examined. The Korean CT databases established in a systemic and standardized way will contribute to a generation of the Korean-specific forensic standards as well as to an understanding of the human variations among populations.
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