콩팥 세관에서 주사전자현미경을 이용한 일차섬모의 길이 비교 연구
A comparative study of primary cilia length in renal tubules using scanning electron microscopy
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일차섬모는 콩팥 세관 세포에서 내강 표면으로 돌출된 머리카락 같은 구조이다. 콩팥에서 일차섬모의 미세구조와 기능은 아직 알려지지 않은 부분들이 많다. 본 연구의 목적은 다양한 콩팥 부분에서 일차섬모를 구분하고 비교하는 것이다. 정상 성체 흰쥐의 콩팥 조직을 2% paraformaldehyde-lysine-periodate로 관류고정한 후, 광학 및 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 일차섬모를 표지하기 위해 acetylated α-tubulin에 대한 항체를 사용하였고, 토리쪽세관을 표지하기 위해 각각 aquaporin 1 항체를 사용하였다. 먼쪽세관에서 일차섬모는 대부분 솔가장자리를 형성하는 미세융모들 속에 숨겨져 있어서 전자현미경으로 정확한 관찰이 어려웠으나, 공초점현미경에서 대략 주변의 먼쪽세관 및 집합관 일차섬모와 길이가 비슷하게 나타났다. 정확한 측정을 위해 전자현미경으로 관찰했을 때, 먼쪽세관과 집합관의 일차섬모 길이는 각각 2.1 ± 0.22 μm와 1.86 ± 0.31 μm로 서로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 이것은 또한 토리쪽세관의 미세융모 길이(2.0 ± 0.41 μm)와 거의 유사하였다. 그러나 헨레고리의 가는다리에서 일차섬모는 4.2 ± 0.73 μm로 주변의 먼쪽세관 및 집합관에 비해 매우 길이가 길었다. 이상의 결과로 헨레고리에서는 일차섬모가 다른 세포들에 비해 특별하게 길다는 것을 증명하였다. 헨레고리에서 일차섬모의 역할은 역류증폭계통과 같은 특징적인 기능과 관련이 있을 것으로 생각된다.
Abstract
The primary cilium is a hair-like structure extending from the luminal surface of kidney tubular cells. Its microstructure and function in the kidney are still not fully understood. This study aimed to detect and compare primary cilia across various renal tubules. Normal adult Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused with 2% periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde fixative and processed for light and electron microscopy. Antibodies against acetylated α-tubulin and aquaporin 1 were used to label primary cilia and proximal tubules, respectively. Primary cilia were largely concealed among the microvilli in proximal tubules, making accurate observation challenging under electron microscopy. No significant differences were found in the lengths of primary cilia in the distal tubules (2.1 ± 0.22 μm) and collecting ducts (1.86 ± 0.31 μm). However, primary cilia in the thin limbs of the loop of Henle were significantly longer, measuring 4.2 ± 0.73 μm, compared to those in adjacent distal tubules and collecting ducts. These findings demonstrate that the primary cilia in the thin limbs are the longest in the normal kidney, suggesting they may have a distinct function in this segment.
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