고준위폐기물처분장 공학적방벽의 갭채움재 기술현황
R&D Review on the Gap Fill of an Engineered Barrier for an HLW Repository
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초록
고준위폐기물처분장에서 갭채움재는 완충재와 뒷채움재의 성능을 좌우하는 중요한 공학적방벽의 구성요소이다. 본 논문에서는 갭채움재에 대한 해외 기술현황을 조사하고, 이를 통하여 갭채움재의 개념, 제조기술,성형특성, 설치기술에 대한 연구결과들을 정리하였다. 갭채움재 개념은 처분방식과 처분개념에 따라서 나라마다약간씩 차이가 있었다. 갭채움재 물질로는 대부분 벤토나이트를 사용하였고, 충전제로 점토를 사용하였다. 갭채움재는 펠렛, 과립상, 또는 펠렛-과립상 혼합물의 형태로 사용되었다. 갭채움재 펠렛 제조에는 정압축, 롤러압축,압출-컷팅 방법 등이 사용되었으며, 이 중, 실험과 실제 현장에서의 펠렛 소요량을 감안하여 많은 나라들이 롤러압축방법과 압출-컷팅방법에 대한 기술 확보에 집중하였다. 펠렛 성형특성 실험결과, 펠렛의 건조밀도와 건전성은 수분함량, 구성물질, 제조방법, 펠렛 크기에 민감하였고, 제작 시 압축하중에는 상대적으로 덜 민감하였다. 갭채움재의 설치방법으로는 수직처분공 완충재 갭에서는 부어넣기(pouring) 방법, 붓고 다지기(pouring andtamping) 방법, 진동을 주며 부어넣기(pouring with vibration) 방법 등이 시도되었으며, 수평처분공 완충재와 처분터널의 뒷채움재 갭에서는 숏크리트 기술을 이용한 불어넣기(blowing by use of shotcrete technology) 방법과오거를 이용한 정치 및 다지기(auger placement and compaction) 방법 등이 시도되었다. 그러나 이 방법들은 아직기술적으로 초기단계에 있어 앞으로도 계속적인 연구가 이루어질 것으로 예상되었다.
Abstract
In a high-level waste repository, the gap fill of the engineered barrier is an important component thatinfluences the performance of the buffer and backfill. This paper reviewed the overseas status of R&D on the gapfill used engineered barriers, through which the concept of the gap fill, manufacturing techniques, pellet-moldingcharacteristics, and emplacement techniques were summarized. The concept of a gap fill differs for each countrydepending on its disposal type and concept. Bentonite has been considered a major material of a gap fill, and clayas an inert filler. Gap fill was used in the form of pellets, granules, or a pellet-granule blend. Pellets are manufacturedthrough one of the following techniques: static compaction, roller compression, or extrusion-cutting. Among thesetechniques, countries have focused on developing advanced technologies of roller compression and extrusion-cuttingtechniques for industrial pellet production. The dry density and integrity of the pellet are sensitive to water content,constituent material, manufacturing technique, and pellet size, and are less sensitive to the pressure applied duringthe manufacturing. For the emplacement of the gap fill, pouring, pouring and tamping, and pouring with vibrationtechniques were used in the buffer gap of the vertical deposition hole; blowing through the use of shotcretetechnology and auger placement and compaction techniques have been used in the gap of horizontal depositionhole and tunnel. However, these emplacement techniques are still technically at the beginning stage, and thusadditional research and development are expected to be needed.
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