노인의 음주문제 발달궤적의 예측요인: 다수준 성장곡선 모형의 적용
Trajectories of Drinking problems of the elderly: A Longitudinal Multi-level Growth Curve Model for Change
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본 연구는 노인들의 음주문제 발달궤적과 심리사회적 예측요인을 분석하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 한국복지패널 1차 조사에서 3차 조사까지에 해당하는 2006년부터 2008년까지의 자료에서 노인 연령에 해당하는 만 65세 이상의 남녀를 대상으로 연구를 진행하였다. 자료의 분석은 다수준 성장곡선 모델을 적용하여, 음주문제의 발달 궤적과 음주문제의 초기 값(intercept) 및 변화율(slope)의 예측요인을 밝히고자 하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 무조건적 다수준 성장곡선 모델을 수행한 결과, 노인의 음주문제는 첫 번째 측정시기인 2006년에서 세 번째 측정시기인 2008년까지 평균적으로 매년 조금씩 감소하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 조건형 다수준 성장곡선 모델을 수행한 결과, 연령이 낮을수록, 남성일수록, 결혼한 상태일수록, 종교가 없을수록, 빈곤층일수록, 스스로를 건강하지 않다고 인식할수록, 사회적 관계에 만족하지 않을수록 음주문제의 초기 값이 높은 것을 알 수 있다. 또한, 사회적 관계 만족도는 음주문제 변화율에 유의미한 예측요인으로 나타나 사회적 관계 만족도에 따라 노인의 음주문제 변화추이가 달라짐을 알 수 있다. 연구 결과를 바탕으로 다음과 같은 시사점을 얻을 수 있다. 첫째, 지역사회의 광범위한 사회복지현장에서 2차 예방차원으로 노인의 음주문제를 다룰 필요성이 있으며, 심리 사회적 위험요인들을 완화시킬 수 있는 다양한 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다. 둘째, 노인 문제음주자의 회복을 위해서 건강한 사회적 지지망의 유지 및 형성을 촉진시키는 것이 중요한 개입으로 필요함을 알 수 있다.
Abstract
A new era of research has focused on examining the growth of change in drinking problems among the elderly. Thus, the purpose of the present study was two fold: (1) to investigate trajectories of drinking problems(CAGE) among the Korean elderly(age≧65); and (2) to identify the predicting factors for the intercept and the slope of alcohol problems using multi-level growth curve model. Data come from three waves(1st wave(2006)~3rd wave(2008) of the Korea Welfare Panel(KWP) study. The results indicated that the levels of drinking problems decreased over time and that age, gender, marital status, religion, poverty, self-rated health, and social relationship satisfaction were associated with the baseline CAGE. Further analysis showed that social relationship satisfaction affected the declining slope of drinking problems over time. Specifically, among those who satisfied social relationship, there was a sharp decline of CAGE over time. Overall findings highlight the importance of developing and implementing effective alcohol prevention programs for the elderly in the community settings to mitigate the harmful effects of various psycho-social stressors. Especially, programs to maintain and form healthy social support network are suggested as critical interventions for prevention as well as recovery of alcohol problems in late life.
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