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디지털 환경에서 방송기자들의 딜레마 : 소통과 괴롭힘 사이

The Dilemma of Broadcast Journalists in the Digital Environment: Between Communication and Harassment

김학재|임유진
한국소통학회 (Korean Speech & Communication Association)|2024.08|한국소통학보 (Journal of Speech, Media and Communication Research)|제23권 제3호|pp. 183-240|DOI https://doi.org/10.51652/ksmca.2024.23.3.6

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키워드

인지부조화자기 검열Cognitive dissonance방송기자쌍방향 저널리즘기자 괴롭힘Broadcast journalistReciprocal journalismJournalist harassmentSelf-censorship

초록

이 연구는 디지털 환경에서 온라인 괴롭힘을 경험하는 방송기자들이 쌍방향 저널리즘을 수행하면서 겪는 인지부조화와 해결 전략을 탐구했다. 심층 인터뷰 결과, 방송기자들은 이용자와의 소통을 통해 직업적 이점을 얻으려 하지만 온라인 괴롭힘으로 인한심리적 타격을 피하려는 딜레마에 직면하고 있었다. 특히 카메라 앞에서 대중과 소통해야 하는 방송기자들은 더 다양한 괴롭힘에 노출되는 직업적 딜레마를 경험했다. 이들은괴롭힘을 무시하거나 일상적인 일로 받아들이며, 가해자의 입장에서 이해하려 하거나괴롭힘을 덜 심각하게 여기는 등의 전략을 택했다. 가장 두드러지는 대응 전략은 '자기검열'로, 기사 아이템 선정이나 표현의 수위 조절 같은 내용적 측면뿐만 아니라 방송 노출 빈도나 의상 선택의 변화 등 시각적 측면에서의 검열을 포함했다. 방송기자들이 이러한 괴롭힘에도 불구하고 쌍방향 저널리즘을 지속하는 이유는 방송기자라는 꿈의 간절함과 기자정신을 강조하는 조직 문화 때문으로 나타났다. 자아실현을 이루기 위해 괴롭힘의 고통을 극복하려는 긍정적 동인과 기자정신으로 무장한 권위주의적 조직 문화로 인해 괴롭힘을 참아내는 부정적 동인이 동시에 작용했다. 이러한 대응 전략은 괴롭힘의 영향을 축소하지만, 자유로운 저널리즘 활동을 위축시키고 괴롭힘의 공론화를 막는 부작용이 있다.

Abstract

This study explores the cognitive dissonance experienced by broadcast journalists facing online harassment in a digital environment while practicing reciprocal journalism, as well as the strategies they use to resolve this dissonance. In-depth interviews revealed that broadcast journalists seek professional benefits through communication with users but face a dilemma in avoiding the psychological impact of online harassment. Particularly, journalists who must communicate with the public in front of the camera experience a professional dilemma, being exposed to more various kinds of harassment. They tend to cope with these issues by ignoring the harassment, accepting it as routine, trying to understand the harasser's perspective, or downplaying the seriousness of the harassment. The most prominent coping strategy is 'self-censorship,' which includes not only editorial aspects such as selecting article topics and adjusting the tone of expression but also visual aspects like changing the frequency of their broadcast appearances or their choice of attire. The reasons journalists continue to engage in interactive journalism despite such harassment are their deep-seated aspiration to become a broadcast journalist and the authoritative culture within their organizations. The positive motivation to overcome the pain of harassment to achieve their dreams and the negative influence of a military-like organizational culture that forces them to endure harassment both play a role. While these strategies reduce the impact of harassment, they also dispirit free journalistic activity and interrupt the public discussion of harassment.

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