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후기구석기의 전반기(IUP∼EUP) 유럽지역 호모사피엔스의 ‘생명-공생문화’: 알타이계ㆍ레반트계 생명인식의 교차와 진전

‘The Life-Coexistence Culture’ of Homo Sapiens in Europe during the First Half of the Upper Paleolithic(IUP∼EUP): Intersection and Progress of the Life Awareness of Altai and Levant Lineage

정경희
한국유라시아연구원 (The Korea Eurasia Institute)|2024.08|유라시아문화 (The Journal of Eurasian Culture Studies)|제11권 |pp. 95-221|DOI 10.47527/JNAH.2024.08.11.95

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땅Earth인지혁명호모사피엔스Homo sapiensSBP그라베티안문화초기호모사피엔스생명-공생문화데니소바유적바초키로유적오리나시안문화코스덴키유적숭기르유적벽(璧)‘레반트-오리나시안계삼각⋅마름모(⋅잎)형모신(지신)’ 생명상징‘알타이계원(⋅방⋅태아)형하늘(⋅땅⋅생명체)모신(천신)’ 생명상징Early Homo sapiensthe Cognitive Revolution‘the Life-Coexsistence Culture’Denisova siteBacho Kiro siteAurignacian CultureGravettian CultureKostenki siteSungir siteByeog(璧)‘Levantine-Aurignacian lineageTriangle⋅Lozenge(⋅Leaf)-shapedMother Goddess(Earth God)’life symbols‘Altaic lineageCircle(⋅Square⋅Embryo)-shapedHeaven(⋅Earth⋅Living things)Mother Goddess(Heaven God)’life symbols
주제분류기타인문학

초록

중기구석기 이래 아프리카∼레반트지역의 초기호모사피엔스에 이르러 ‘삼각⋅마름모(⋅잎)형 생명상징’, 또 ‘인격화된 생명신으로서의 모신상’이 첫등장하였다. 양자의 상관관계는 명확치않았지만, EUP 레반트 호모사피엔스계가 유럽지역으로 진출하여 이룬 오리나시안문화에 이르러 ‘삼각형 계통 모신자궁문’이 등장함으로써 양자가 같은 계통의 상징임이 분명해졌다. 그 의미까지 더해보면, ‘레반트-오리나시안계, 삼각⋅마름모(⋅잎)형, 땅, 모신(지신)’ 생명상징이 된다. 그러던 중 IUP 알타이 호모사피엔스에 이르러 생명의 근원이 땅이 아니라 하늘이라는 인식이 새롭게 등장하였다. ‘원(⋅방⋅태아)’ 상징이 그러하다. 여기에서 ‘원(하늘의 근원적 생명, 모신⋅천신)’은 ‘방(땅)⋅태아(생명체)’까지 아우른 개념이다. 하늘의 근원적 생명에서 땅과 땅위의 모든 생명체가 나왔다고 보기 때문이다. 레반트-오리나시안계 생명상징과 대비되는, ‘알타이계, 원(⋅방⋅태아)형, 하늘(⋅땅⋅생명체), 모신(천신)’생명상징이다. 양계통의 차이에서 IUP 이래 알타이계의 생명상징이 유럽지역으로 전해진 생명문화사적 의의가 도출된다. 곧 중기구석기 이래 이어진 ‘삼각⋅마름모(⋅잎)형, 땅, 모신(지신)’의 생명인식 위로 ‘원(⋅방⋅태아), 하늘(⋅땅⋅생명체), 모신(천신)’의 생명인식이 새롭게 접목, 양계통의 생명인식이 공존⋅병행된 의의이다. 물론 알타이지역에서도 양계통의 생명인식이 공존⋅병행되었다. 양지역에서 양계통의 생명인식이 뒤섞여 나타났지만, 주된 경향성은 있었다. 알타이지역 ‘주: 원(⋅방⋅태아)형, 부: 삼각⋅마름모(⋅잎)형’, 유럽지역 ‘주: 삼각⋅마름모(⋅잎)형, 부: 원(⋅방⋅태아)형’의 경향성이다. 흥미롭게도 이러한 경향성은 현재까지도 여전히 유효하다. 특히 좁게로는 동북아지역, 넓게로는 알타이바이칼∼몽골고원∼동북아지역에서 생명의 근원을 ‘하늘(⋅땅⋅생명체), 모신(천신)’으로 보는 경향이 강고하다. 양계통의 생명인식은 중기구석기 이래 오랜 시간성과 역사성이 보여주는 호모사피엔스 진화의 기록이자, 특히 생명체로서의 우리 호모사피엔스종이 진화해가는 방향이 생명진화의 궁극적 방향인 ‘공생’, 곧 ‘하늘과 땅 사이에서 살아가는 모든 생명체의 한생명적 공생’의 방향임을 보여주는 이정표이다. 이러한 방향으로 진전되어온 초기호모사피엔스 이래 호모사피엔스문화를 ‘생명문화’, 또는 ‘생명-공생문화’로 개념화해보게 된다.

Abstract

Since the Middle Paleolithic period, Early Homo sapiens in Africa and Levant region had created ‘the Triangle⋅Lozenge(⋅Leaf)-shaped life symbols’ and ‘the Mother Goddess Statues’ as a personalized Life God forthe first time. The correlation between the two was unclear, but by the time of Aurignacian, which was created by the Levantine Homo sapiens’s expansion into Europe, ‘the Mother Goddess’s triangular uterine pattern’appeared, and thus it became clear that both were symbols of the same lineage. Adding its meaning to these symbols, it becomes ‘Levantine-Aurignacian lineage, Triangle⋅Lozenge(⋅Leaf)-shaped, Earth, Mother Goddess(Earth God)’ life symbols. Meanwhile, in the IUP Altaic Homo sapiens’s society, the new awareness emerged that the source of life was not the Earth but the Heaven. This was ‘the Circle(⋅Square⋅Embryo) life symbols’. In these symbols, ‘the Circle(the fundamental life energy of the Heaven, Mother Goddess⋅Heaven God)’ is the concept that encompasses the Square(Earth) and the Embryo(Living things). This is because it is believed that the Earth and all living things on the Earth have emerged from the fundamental life energy of the Heaven. Comparing these life symbols with the Levantine-Aurignacian life symbols, it becomes ‘Altaic lineage, Circle(⋅Square⋅Embryo)-shaped, Heaven(⋅Earth⋅Living things), Mother Goddess(Heaven God)’ life symbols. When understanding the difference between both lineages, it is possible to understand the significance of the fact that the Altaic life symbols had been transmitted to European society since IUP. That is, the life awareness of ‘Altaic lineage, Circle(⋅Square⋅Embryo)-shaped, Heaven(⋅Earth⋅Living things), Mother Goddess(Heaven God)’ life symbols were newly grafted on ‘Levantine-Aurignacian lineage, Triangle⋅Lozenge(⋅Leaf)-shaped, Earth, Mother Goddess(Earth God)’ life symbols that had continued since the Middle Paleolithic period and the life awareness of both lineages coexisted and parallel. Of course the life awareness of both lineages coexisted and parallel in the Altaic society also. In the European and Altaic society, the life awareness of both lineages appeared mixed, but there was a major tendency. In the Altaic society there was the tendency, ‘the primary life symbols: Circle(⋅Square⋅Embryo), the secondary life symbols: Triangle⋅Lozenge(⋅Leaf)’, and in the European society there was the tendency, ‘the primary life symbols: Triangle⋅Lozenge(⋅Leaf), the secondary life symbols: Circle(⋅Square⋅Embryo)’. Interestingly, these trends is still valid even now. In particular there remains a strong tendency to view the source of life as ‘Heaven(⋅Earth⋅Living things), Mother Goddess(Heaven God)’ in Northeast Asia narrowly and in the Altai⋅Baikal∼Mongolian Plateau∼Northeast Asia broadly. The life awareness of both lineages is the records of Homo sapiens’s evolution shown by its long time and history since the Middle Paleolithic. In addition, it is a milestone that shows that the direction in which our Homo sapiens species as a living things is evolving is ‘Coexsistence’(‘Coexsistence of all living things between the Heaven and the Earth’). The culture of Homo sapiens since Archaic Homo sapiens and Early Homo sapiens, which has progressed in this direction, is conceptualized as ‘the Life-Coexsistence Culture’.

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