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간세포암종의 혈관신생에서 Angiostatin, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 및 12의 역할

The Role of Angiostatin, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 and 12 in the Angiogenesis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

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목적: 간세포암종은 혈관 과증식을 특징으로 하는 종양이므로 산소와 영양분을 공급하는 신생혈관의 증식 및 이에 관련된 인자의 발현이 종양의 성장과 전이에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 생각된다. 대상과 방법: 절제된 48예의 간세포암종을 대상으로 angiostatin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 및 MMP-12의 발현을 면역조직화학염색으로 연구하고, 이들 인자들의 발현과 미세혈관 밀도와의 관계를 조사하였다. 또한 4종류의 간세포암종 세포주를 이용하여 종양세포가 angiostatin을 형성할 수 있는지 웨스턴블롯으로 조사하였다. 결과: Angiostatin이 양성인 종양들의 미세혈관 밀도(3.31±0.31)는 음성인 경우(5.70±0.67)에 비하여 유의하게 낮았다(P=0.006). VEGF가 양성인 종양들의 미세혈관 밀도(4.72±0.52)는 음성인 경우(2.88±0.52)보다 유의하게 높았다(p=0.010). MMP-12가 양성인 종양들의 미세혈관 밀도(4.04±0.57)는 음성인 경우(5.68±0.67)보다 유의하게 낮았으나(P=0.038), MMP-9가 양성인 경우와 음성인 경우는 미세혈관 밀도가 통계학적으로 차이가 없었다. Angiostatin 항체에 양성, MMP-9 또는 MMP-12에 양성이며, VEGF에 음성인 군, angiostatin 항체에 음성이며 VEGF에 음성인 군, angiostatin 항체에 양성이고, MMP-12 또는 MMP-9에 양성이며, VEGF에 양성인 군, angiostatin 항체에 음성이고 VEGF에 양성인 군으로 분류하였을 때, 이들 비교군 간에 혈관형성 촉진인자와 억제인자의 발현 조합과 혈관내피세포 밀도는 통계학적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. MMP-9와 MMP-12는 웨스턴블롯 검사를 시행한 4종류의 간세포암종 세포주 모두에서 발현되었으며, angiostatin은 HepG2 세포주와 Huh-7 세포주에서 관찰되었다. 결론: 간세포암종에서 종양의 혈관신생은 VEGF와 angiostatin을 포함한 혈관형성 인자의 발현의 균형에 의해 결정됨을 보여준다. 또한 종양세포의 MMP 분비에 의하여 플라스미노겐으로부터 angiostatin을 생성할 가능성을 시사한다.

Abstract

Background/Aims: Tumor angiogenesis, a major requirement for tumor growth and metastasis, is regulated by pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has become a common malignant tumor worldwide. It is characterized by a high vascularity. Methods: We studied the immunohistochemical expression of angiostatin, vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and MMP-12, and the relationship between these results and the microvessel density (MVD) in 48 HCC specimens. To determine whether HCC cells express angiostatin per se, we examined the expression of angiostatin, MMP-9 and MMP-12 by Western blotting in four HCC cell lines. Results: Expression of angiostatin and MMP-12 (but not MMP-9) were strongly correlated with decreased MVD in HCCs (P=0.006, P=0.038, respectively). VEGF positive tumors showed a significantly higher MVD than VEGF negative tumors (P=0.01). We divided the 48 cases into the following four groups: group A, angiostatin (+), MMP-9 or -12 (+), and VEGF (-); group B, angiostatin (-) and VEGF (-); group C, angiostatin (+), MMP-9 or -12 (+), and VEGF (+); group D, angiostatin (-) and VEGF (+). There was a significant correlation with MVD among these groups (P<0.001). Angiostatin was detected by Western blotting in 2 out of 4 HCC cell lines and was associated with plasminogen and MMP expression. Conclusions: These results indicate that angiogenesis in HCC is a complex process involving multiple factors including angiostatin, VEGF, and MMP. Our results suggest that angiostatin is generated by MMP-mediated proteolysis of plasminogen in HCC cells.

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