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병식 개념에 대한 정신장애인 인식 및 경험의 탐색적 연구: 자기결정권 및 인식적 부정의를 중심으로

An Exploratory Study on the Perceptions and Experiences of People with Psychosocial Disabilities on the Insight: Focusing on Self-determination and Epistemic injustice

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초록

자기결정권과 행위주체성은 모든 시민에게 보장되어야하며, 정신장애인 또한 마찬가지이다. 그러나 여전히 정신장애인은 다양한 의사결정과정에서 배제를 경험하고 있다. 이러한 문제의식에서 본 연구는 병식 개념에 대해 정신장애인이 어떤 인식과 경험을 가지고 있는지, 그리고 그 개념이 자기결정권 및 인식적 부정의에 어떤 영향을 미치고 있는지 탐색적으로 분석하는 것에 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 풍부한 산 경험을 가지고 있는 정신장애인 13명을 대상으로 심층면접을 진행하였다. 분석결과 ‘정신의료화된 병식을 승인받고 증명하며 살아가고 있는 정신장애인’, ‘인식적 주체에서의 배제, 자기통제에 영향을 미치는 병식 개념’, ‘병식에서 ‘삶의 통찰력’으로의 개념적 확장’, ‘새로운 자기이해를 만들어갈 수 있는 가능성’이라는 4개의 핵심범주와 13개의 하위주제가 도출되었다. 정신장애인은 타자로부터 승인 받기 위해 병식이 있음을 증명하면서 정신과적 지식 및 정상성을 수용해야 했다. 병식 개념은 정신장애인을 인식적 주체에서 배제하거나 자기통제에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 당사자들은 이러한 현상에 문제를 제기하며 병식을 삶의 통찰력으로 확장해야 함을 제시했다. 당사자의 권력 복원, 환경의 변화, 말할 권리 보장을 위한 사회적 지원이 마련된다면 새로운 자기이해를 만들어갈 수 있는 가능성이 포착되었다. 연구결과에서 발견된 논의점을 바탕으로 정신장애인의 자기결정권과 행위주체성을 보장하기 위한 실천적․정책적 함의들을 도출하였다.

Abstract

The right to self-determination and agency should be guaranteed to all citizens, including people with psychosocial disabilities. However, people with psychosocial disabilities still experience exclusion in various decision-making processes. In light of these critical mind, the purpose of this study was to exploratively analyze how people with psychosocial disabilities perceive and experience the Insight and how it impacts their right to self-determination and epistemic injustice. To achieve this, in-depth interviews were conducted with thirteen people with psychosocial disabilities who have diverse and rich lived experiences. As a result of the analysis, four key categories and thirteen sub-themes were derived: Individuals with psychosocial disabilities who are living by approval and proving of their psychiatrized insight; The concept of insight influencing exclusion from epistemic agency and self-control; The conceptual extension from "Insight" to “Self-understanding of life”; and the possibility of creating new self-understandings. People with psychosocial disabilities had to accept psychiatric knowledge and sanity while proving the existence of insight to be approved by others. The concept of insight appeared to exclude people with psychosocial disabilities from epistemic agency or affect their self-control. People with psychosocial disabilities raised concerns about these phenomena and suggested that insight should be extended into a narrative of life. The possibility of creating a new self-understanding was seen as possible through empowering empowering people with psychosocial disabilities, changing the environment, and ensuring the right to speak. Based on the points of discussion identified in the research results, practical and policy implications were derived to ensure the self-determination and agency of people with psychosocial disabilities.

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