조선건국기 교육정책에 나타난 정도전의 교육활동

Abstract

In this study I have analyzed how Chung Do-Jeon(鄭道傳, 1342-1398) affected educational policy in the founding of Chosen Dynasty and what changes had been made since Koryo Dynasty. Chung Do-Jeon involved in public examination system in two ways. First, by focusing on confucian-oriented subjects, the civil service examination was run as three round examination(San-Jang-Je, 三場制) and the principle that confucian knowledge is the very basic(Kyeong-Hak-Wi-Bon, 經學爲本) was established by abolishing Jin-Sa-Si(進士試) and encouraging Saeng-Won-Si(生員試). Second, the military command system which had military power was centralized by abolishing private military(Sa-Byeong, 私兵), and the military examination(Moo-Kwa, 武科) was established to choose military officials as public military(Gong-Byeong, 公兵). In addition, Chung Do-Jeon started running military training command(Hool-Lyeon-Kwan, 訓鍊觀) for military education, which could be compared to SungKyunKwan(成均館) and tried to associate military training command with the military service examination. Chung Do-Jeon had much influence on the Educational Policy of SungKyunKwan(成均館) and HyangKyo(鄕校) in the Founding of Chosen Dynasty. He reformed that entrance to SungKyunKwan based on their abilities not on their blood or families. Also Chung Do-Jeon led the Anti-Buddhism Movement(Cheok-Bool-Oon-Dong, 斥佛運動). It affected the abolishment of Buddhist ceremonies and the institutionalization of Seok-Jeon-Je(釋奠祭) in a ]Confucian shrine(文廟) of SungKyunKwan. The organized school system that Chung Do-Jeon had made led to the construction of SungKyunKwan in Seoul, the new capital. According to the recorded documents, HyangKyo were built in large towns(12牧) during Koryo Dynasty. Chung Do-Jeon promoted the spread of HyangKyo to small towns and encouraged provincial mandarins(Soo-Lyeong, 守 令) to have interests in HyangKyo establishment. It is very noticeable that Chung Do-Jeon tried to find a way in HyangKyo first, not in the army or in the law, to enlighten people in Jeju(濟州) and Hamkyungdo(咸鏡道), the southern tip and the northern tip of Chosen’s territory.