孔子의 聞道와 行道 意志 - 叛臣들의 초대와 淫女와의 만남 -

Abstract

Tao is the most valuable thing and the ultimate concern to whom conceive the Confucian proverb that if I could hear the tao in the morning, it is possible to die in the evening. Tao is not the good that could be substituted by any other thing. There are two kind of interpretations of that Confucian Tao, one is ontological, the other is practical. By the ontological interpretation, the Chinese character '聞' ought to mean to be understanding, and in term of practical interpretation, it could be meaning of just hearing. Anyway, the lives, communities and states which don't stand on the Tao have no any other meanings to them who believe in that Confucian proverb. Therefore, it is natural to be exaggerate to practice and to realize the tao. Confucius tried to practice tao. He accepted the invitations from the rebeller, Yangho, Kongsanbulyou, Pilhil, and he didn't reject to meet the peeress named Namja who was a wife of ruler Ling of Wei. He several times defended him against his student Jaro who dissatisfied with his teacher's attitude and behaviors. By saying dreams of realization of Jou dynasty's sovereignty in eastern area, Shandong, hard stone which could not be destroyed and banished, the metaphor of a gourd and doing pledge to heaven, confucius try to explain his motiv's sincere and innocent. Confucius attitudes like these caused many debates in latter days among scholars. They argued these as an enthusiasm of practice tao, a higher moral principle to meet the demand of situation, and the skill of treating the lower and vulgar people. Some scholars who lived in 19th century Chos'on Dynasty, have the consciousness that country could be perished but Tao never be got away, King is responsible for the dynasty, but Confucian scholars are responsible for the tao. Like these, tao is the most valuable thing to the Confucian scholars all over the world. Therefore the chance of practice of tao means great to them. But they are incline to interpretation of Confucius behavior as a higher principle meeting the demand of that special situation which could be allowed for Sage king, because of the positive taking the chance to practice tao has many harmfu side effects in real society.