王陽明 四句敎에 대한 黃宗羲의 論法과 修養方法論 - 본체와 공부의 二重奏를 중심으로

Abstract

The essay is focused upon explicating Huang Zong-xi's understanding and viewpoint concerning Wang Yang-ming's Four Sentences Lesson. It considers how sharply his view is different from his teacher, Liu Zong-zhou's view in the context of Wang's school. Wang Yang-ming's Four Sentences Lesson is an essence of his scholarship which can be called 'his later established theory'. On the basis of the exhaustion of good knowledge, it results from synthetically understanding a method of personal practice in Great Learning. The essay starts from an awareness of the issues about how Huang Zong-xi's view can has his own originality, agreeing with Liu Zong-zhou's view, in a controversy between Wang Ji's doctrine of Four Non-existence and Qian De-hongs' doctrine of Four Existence. It seems to me that he regards the Four Sentences Lesson as Wang Yang-ming's original text, and that he searches for a kind of communication between original substance and personal practice for the purport of minimizing a disparate gap between the two. He emphasizes on the spontaneous autonomy of humanity, that is, the self-controlling action and its rule according to heart-mind, and on the other hand, has an actual and real belief that a human being ultimately secure the original aspect of humanity, only if he/she can practice his original heart-mind in his life. In this respect, his logical structure of one substance and its manifestations can be escalated to a mode of one vital force and its manifestations in the view of universe, and to a mode of one heart-mind and its manifestations in the view of human nature. Consequently, he realizes a unitary principle of original substance and personal practice, which is appropriately coincide with a modern consciousness of the administrativistic view of world.