남성 청년의 노숙진입 시기에 따른 노숙 경로
Pathways to homelessness: The case of young adults in Korea
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본 연구는 최초 노숙진입 시기 차이에 따른 남성 청년 노숙인 두 그룹의 노숙경로를 밝혀 구체적인 노숙의 원인을 추적하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 기존의 노숙 원인에 대한 논의는 구조냐 개인이냐의 이분법적 원인론에 머물러 있거나 노숙에 영향을 미친 복잡한 원인을 다루지만 결국 이를 단순화시켜 설명하는 경향이 있었다. 본 연구는 각 청년노숙인 사례의 노숙 위험요인을 도출하고, 사례의 생애 경험의 맥락 속에서 노숙에 영향을 미친 핵심위험요인의 연대기적 배열을 통해 좀 더 세밀하게 위험요인간의 인과성을 추적하여 노숙진입의 경로를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 청년기에 노숙에 진입한 그룹(A1)과 10대 때부터 노숙을 경험한 바 있는 그룹(A2)은 노숙의 진입 경로가 상이함을 확인하였다. 양쪽 모두 청년기에 극한의 상태인 노숙을 경험하고 있다는 공통점이 있지만, 전자의 경우는 가족, 사회로부터 입은 외상으로 인해 정신적인 고통에 시달리고 이로부터 이탈해 고립을 경험하다 노숙에 이르게 된 경우로 대표된다면 후자의 그룹은 이미 청소년기부터 위기청소년의 상황이시작되었고, 학교, 가정에서의 불안정성이 매우 높았던 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 청소년기의노숙 경험이 청년기로 곧장 이어지는 경우는 많지 않았지만 비노숙 기간이 잠시였을 뿐 청년기에 노숙으로 재진입하고 있었다. 이러한 결론을 통해 성인기의 삶의 토대를 다져야 하는 청년기에 극단의 상황에 처한 청년들의 위험요인과 진입경로에 따른 차별화된 개입, 사례관리, 상담에 대한 정책적 접근이 필요하다는 것을 제언하였다.
Abstract
The objective of the study is to identify the sub-path of entry into homelessness of young men and enhance understanding them. In specific, homeless risk factors were extracted through their experiences, and based on which the entry paths into homelessness were drawn. The homeless young adults were divided into two groups of those who became homeless in their adolescence and those who entered into homelessness after 19 and their differences were analyzed. As a results, the most prominent differences between the two sub-groups included individual and social factors; most of those who entered homelessness after 19 had physical or psychological problems, while the other group showed delinquency factors in adolescence and adulthood. As for social factors, the former group experienced more financial damage in the process of achieving independence before being homeless, while the latter group had relatively more experience of physical and psychological damage such as bullying, harassment and violence before being homeless and financial frauds. As for investigating the causality relationship of key homeless risk factors by adding a variable of time, and based on which, a constant pattern of entry paths toward homelessness was drawn among each sub-group of homeless young adults. For policy on homelessness, it is required to develop according to the characteristics of homeless young adults. Especially, a specific approach is necessary for the different homeless pathways by sub-group. Furthermore, the study indicated that management and preemptive responses for various homeless risk factors that homeless young adults experienced throughout their lifetime could be important prevention policy against homelessness.
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