先秦儒敎의 孝 倫理에 대한 다른 학파의 비판 -老子, 墨子, 韓非子의 비판을 중심으로-

Abstract

Confucianism in the ancient Chinese was appeared with highly regards of Hyo ethics in ‘Family’ based on blood ties. Hyo is the unaffected feeling and also moral oughtness. Confucianism attempted harmony of society and nation as well as completion of personality through practicing of Hyo. However, other schools criticized this kind of Confucianism Hyo. Lao-tzu had criticized Confucianism Hyo as artificial ethics, which neglect natural feeling. According to his idea, Confucianism emphasizes too much on moral standard that formalized feeling of father and son. However, inconsistently with Lao-tsu, Mo-tzu and HanFei-tzu had criticized that Confucianism Hyo is no more than egoistical and private ethics that fell into natural feeling. Mo-tzu had criticized Confucianism Hyo as discriminative love which only appears on blood ties, maintained Hyo as ‘general love’ which is not only for my parents but also somebody else’s. HanFei-tzu asserted relationship of father and son has interests and Hyo ethics is private, relationship should be subordinate to public ethics of nation. Specificity of Confucianism Hyo is shown through these criticisms of other schools. It is true that Confucianism cares blood ties, based with humanity. But Confucianism regards nation that non-blood ties unity as expansion of family that blood ties unity. In this regards, Confucianism starts from Hyo of its parents and expands love into society and nation. Therefore it can never be egoistical or private.