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ROC곡선을 적용한 고령자의 건강관련체력평가

Assessment of Health-Related Fitness in Korean Older Adults using ROC Curve Analysis

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이 연구에서는 도시거주 고령여성 181명 (able=93명, disabled=88명)을 대상으로 하여 자기보고식 주관적 신체활동능력 수준 (self-reported perceived mobility status)별 두 집단으로 나누었다. 1) 신체구성과 하지에 관련된 체력검사항목의 차이를 검토하고, 2) 신체활동능력 수준과 각 체력검사항목 간의 관련정도를 검토하고, 3) ROC곡선을 적용하여 두 집단을 변별하기위한 각 체력검사항목의 적정치를 결정하고자 했다. 건강관련체력 항목은 신체구성관련요소 (체지방)와 하지근력관련요소 (5회의자일어서기, 스텝테스트, 업앤고, 팔자보행, 5m보통보행)이다. 주요연구결과는 다음과 같다: 5개의 체력검사항목과 4개의 신체구성 항목의 평균치를 두 집단 간에 t-test로 검토한 결과 모든 항목에서 유의한 차이 (p<.001)가 있었다. 체력검사항목과 신체활동능력 수준 간의 관련정도를 검토한 결과 항목별로 다소 차이는 있었으나 (5회의자일어서기, τ=0.42, p <.01), 스탭 테스트, τ=0.37, p <.01) 모두 유의한 상관을 보였다. 체력검사항목 간에 가장 높은 상관을 나타낸 것은 팔자보행과 업앤고 (r=0.72, p <.01), 팔자보행과 5회의자일어서기 (r=0.65, p <.01) 였다. ROC곡선은 체력 측정치의 적정수준을 어디에 두느냐에 따라 민감도와 특이도로 그려지는 곡선을 의미한다. 민감도(sensitivity) 란 신체적으로 자립하고 있지 않은 대상자를 자립하고 있지 않다고 정확하게 판정하는 확률을 나타내며 특이도(specificity)란 신체적으로 자립하고 있는 대상자를 자립하고 있지 않다고 틀리게 판정할 확률을 의미한다. 본 연구결과에서는 5m보통보행과 8자보행의 민감도가 각각 90% 이상, 5회의자서기와 스텝테스트가 각각 89%와 84%이상을 나타냈다. 한편 가장 높은 특이도는 체지방이 63% 이상이었고 두 번째가 업앤고 50%이상으로서 민감도에 비하여 비교적 낮은 편이었다. 민감도와 특이도가 가장 근접한 항목은 체지방이었다. 본 연구에서 설정한 체력수준의 절대치는 고령자의 활력 있는 노후의 일상생활을 위한 운동처방 등에 유용한 기초 자료로서 활용가능할 것이다.

Abstract

The purposes of this study were 1) to evaluate community-dwelling Korean older adults (n=191, mean age, 69.6±5.3 years) with different levels of perceived physical disability status with health-related fitness tests, 2) to present to correlations of the health-related fitness tests with disability status and correlations among health-related fitness tests, and 3) to determine the optimum cutoff values of the 6 tests. Physical disability status (able, n=93) and (disabled, n=88) were identified via interviews where subjects self-reported including difficulty of walking 1-km, climbing 4 floors and rising from chairs. Health-related fitness was determined using 5 test batteries related low-limbs that included 5-steps (s), 5-chair sit-to-stands (s), timed up-and-go (s), dynamic agility (s), and 5 m habitual walk (s). Body fat (%) and muscle volume (%) as a body composition measured using bio-electrical impedance analysis (Physion XP, Japan). Statistically significant difference according to physical disability status was found for almost test items. Able group subjects scored better on almost physical fitness items and body composition. 5-chair sit-to-stands had the highest correlation with physical disability status (τ=.42, p<.001). As for the intertest correlations, the highest significant correlation was found between the dynamic agility and timed up-and-go (r=.72, p<.01). The optimum cutoff values of the 6 health-related fitness tests to distinguish groups, along with sensitivity (90% over: 5 m habitual walk and dynamic agility, 89% over: 5-chair sit-to-stands, 84% over: 5-steps)and specificity values (63% over: body fat) were reported. The results suggest that physical disability status of older adults can be captured by health-related fitness tests and that the cutoff values of the 6 test items can be used in guiding exercise intervention or prevention programs.

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