易经哲学中境遇伦理诠释
Interpretation of Situational Ethics in I-Ching Philosophy
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本论文旨在对现代西方伦理思想中兴起的情境伦理学(situational ethics)进行系统性反思，并论证《易经》哲学如何为当代伦理学提供更为稳固的理论基础。作者首先分析自文艺复兴与科学革命以来，目的论宇宙观逐渐崩解，普遍伦理学的形上学根基被削弱，导致相对主义与主观主义盛行。弗莱彻以“爱(agapē)”为唯一绝对原则所构建的情境伦理虽有其灵活性，却因抽象性过高、过度倚赖个体判断而呈现随意化、缺乏持久规范性等缺陷。 相较之下，《易经》哲学以“变中有常”、“以位立义”、“以德成性”为核心结构，在承认情境复杂性的同时提供了不变的伦理根基。论文指出，普遍观察与内在直觉体悟构成人类把握易道的两条路径，“太极—两仪—四象—八卦—六十四卦”展示了宇宙生生不息的生成论体系，而“生生之谓易”更是贯通天地之道与人之仁德的桥梁。《易经》将自然秩序、社会秩序与道德秩序整合为一体，因而能够在现代伦理学的危机中重建“中道伦理”的可能性。 论文最终指出，在当代世俗化与价值解体的背景下，《易经》所蕴含的“生活世界之再圣化”路径，能够为21世纪的全球伦理提供深刻启示，使人重新在日常生活中实践“成己、成人、成物”的儒家理想。
Abstract
This study critically examines the rise of situational ethics in modern Western moral philosophy and proposes the philosophy of the I-Ching (Book of Changes)as a more coherent and structurally grounded ethical alternative. The authors analyze the collapse of the teleological worldview after the Renaissance, the emergence of relativism and subjectivism, and the consequent weakening of universal moral foundations. While Joseph Fletcher’s situational ethics attempts to overcome rigid legalism by promoting “agapē”as the sole absolute principle, it suffers from excessive abstraction, reliance on subjective judgment, and the erosion of stable social norms. In contrast, I-Ching philosophy offers an integrative framework that harmonizes change (bian) with constancy (chang), emphasizes positional appropriateness (wei), and grounds ethical action in moral cultivation (de). Through the dual epistemic methods of universal observationand inner intuitive realization, and through the cosmological structure from Taiji to Yin-Yang, Four Images, Eight Trigrams, and Sixty-Four Hexagrams, the Yijing articulates a dynamic yet ordered universe. The principle of shēngshēng (ceaseless generation)links natural cosmic processes with human moral life, manifesting concretely as the virtue of ren(humaneness). The paper concludes that I-Ching philosophy offers a viable path toward the re-sacralization of everyday life, countering modern secularization and moral disintegration. It suggests that the ethical vision embedded in the I-Ching can serve as a universal moral resource for the 21st century, enabling the restoration of harmony between humanity, nature, and the cosmos.