긍정삽화 시뮬레이션이 우울 경향자의 미래예측과 후회에 미치는 영향
The Effect of Positive Episodic Simulation on Future Predictions and Regret in Depressed Individuals
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본 연구에서는 우울 경향이 있는 대학생을 대상으로 긍정삽화 시뮬레이션 훈련이 정서 상태, 후회 정도 및 미래예측에 대한 평가의 변화에 효과적인지를 알아보고자 하였다. 한국판 역학연구센터 우울 척도(CES-D)에서 16점 이상~25점 미만을 선별한 후, 긍정삽화 시뮬레이션 훈련집단(PEST, n = 18)과 중립시각화 통제집단(NC, n = 14)에 무작위 배치하였다. 각 집단 별로 총 3회기의 훈련을 실시하였으며, 회기 전·후로 현재 정서상태, 과거 사건에 대한 후회, 미래 사건에 대한 예측 수준을 평가하였다. PEST 집단은 화면에 제시되는 긍정단어와 관련하여 ‘미래에 나에게 일어날 일’을 구체적으로 시뮬레이션 하였고, NC 통제집단은 정서와 미래예측에 대한 요소를 제외하고 심상만 떠올리도록 지시받았다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, PEST 집단은 NC 집단에 비해 우울 수준과 부정정서가 감소하였으나 긍정정서에서는 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 이러한 효과는 1주일간 유지되었다. 둘째, PEST 집단은 긍정적인 사건의 중요성과 생생함에서 훈련 효과가 나타났으며, 이러한 효과는 훈련 종료 1주 후에도 유지되었다. 마지막으로 과거에 대한 전반적 후회의 경우, 훈련 직후에는 PEST 집단과 NC 집단의 후회에서 유의한 차이가 없었으나, 1주일 후 추후평가에서 훈련 효과를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 긍정삽화 시뮬레이션 훈련이 미래예측과 우울 수준 및 부정정서에 대한 평가에 있어 준임상 수준의 우울 경향자에게 효과적임을 시사한다.
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether exposure to positive episodic simulation would be effective in changing affect, regret, and future predictions of college students with a tendency of depression. The participants were selected according to the points they received on the Korean Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), 16 points or above to below 25 points, and were randomly assigned to either the positive episodic simulation training group (PEST, n = 18) or the neutral visualization control group (NC, n = 14). Each group conducted a total of three sessions, and before and after each session, they responded to a questionnaire regarding their present emotional state, past regret, and future prediction. The PEST group simulated ‘what will happen to me in the future’ in relation to the positive words presented on the screen, and the NC group was instructed to recall only the image, excluding elements for emotion and future prediction. The results of the study are summarized as follows: First, the PEST group showed decreased levels of depression and less negative affect compared to the NC group, and this effect was maintained for one week. Second, the PEST group showed that the episodic future thinking training had an effect on the importance and vividness of the future occurrence of positive events, and this effect was maintained even one week after the training ended. Finally, in the case of past regret, there was no significant difference in regret between groups immediately after the sessions. However, after one week follow up, the training effect was shown in a later assessment. The findings suggest that the practice of positive episodic simulation is effective in predicting the future and assessing the level of depression and negative affect in those with depression tendency.
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