주의편향 변동성과 우울 증상의 관계
Attentional Bias Variability and its Association with Depressive Symptoms
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초록
부정 정서 자극에 대한 주의 편향은 일반적으로 정신병리적 현상과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 알려졌으나, 우울과의 관련성을 탐색한 결과는 일관되지 않았다. 지금까지 주의 편향을 측정하는 대표적인 패러다임인 탐사과제의 신뢰도는 매우 낮아 기존 주의편향 지수보다 신뢰도가 더 우수한 주의편향 변동성이 대안으로 떠올랐다. 주의편향 변동성과 심리적 취약성 간의 연관성이 보고되었으나, 이것이 단순 반응속도변동성과 다르지 않다는 우려도 제기되었다. 이에 본 연구는 주의편향 변동성 및 반응속도변동성과, 우울, 불안 간의 관계를 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 대학생 100명을 대상으로 탐사과제와 우울, 불안을 측정하는 자기보고식 설문을 진행했다. 그 결과, 주의편향 변동성과 반응속도변동성은 모두 우울과 유의미한 상관을 갖지 않았으며, 반응속도변동성을 통제했을 때 위협에 대한 주의편향 변동성이 우울을 유의미하게 예측했다. 이는 불안을 통제했을 때에도 유지되었다. 이를 바탕으로 반응속도변동성의 의미와 주의편향 변동성 및 우울의 관계에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
Attentional bias (AB) refers to the selective attention to specific information among multiple stimuli. The reliability of the dot probe task, the most widely used paradigm for AB, has been questioned. Instead of the traditional AB index, attentional bias variability (ABV) has come into the spotlight. However, concerns have been raised about disentangling between response time variability (RTV) and ABV. This study aimed to explore the relationship between these variables and depression and anxiety. One hundred college students participated in a dot probe task using facial expressions and completed questionnaires on depression and trait anxiety. The results indicate that neither ABV nor RTV was significantly related to depression, and when controlling for RTV, ABV for threat significantly predicted depression. This was true even when controlling for anxiety. The meaning of RTV and the relationship between ABV and depression are discussed.
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