사별경험자의 자살위험도 예측요인 검증: 사별유형을 중심으로 한 15개월 종단연구
A 15-Month Longitudinal Study on the Prediction of Suicidal Risk by Type of Bereavement
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본 연구는 사별유형에 따라 비트라우마사건 사별집단과 트라우마사건 사별집단으로 나누어 집단별로 자살위험도에 영향을 미치는 인구사회학적 특성(성별, 연령, 종교유무, 고인과의 관계, 거주지, 거주형태)과 지속비애, 사회적지지, 우울을 15개월의 간격을 두고 종단적으로 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 2021년 2월과 2022년 5월에 종단자료 수집이 이루어졌으며, 사별을 경험했다고 응답한 663명의 자료가 최종적으로 분석에 사용되었다. DSM-5 진단기준에 따라 총 663명 중 458명은 비트라우마사건 사별집단에 포함되었고, 205명은 트라우마사건 사별집단에 포함되었다. 먼저 독립표본 t검증 및 카이제곱 검증을 통해 두 집단의 차이를 확인한 결과, 비트라우마사건 사별집단이 트라우마사건 사별집단보다 연령이 높고, 부모와의 사별을 경험한 경우가 많으며, 트라우마사건 사별집단이 비트라우마사건 사별집단보다 지속비애, 우울, 시점1의 자살위험도, 시점2의 자살위험도 수준이 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 다음으로 위계적 회귀분석 실시결과, 비트라우마사건 사별집단은 연령이 낮을수록, 시점1의 지속비애 및 우울의 수준이 높을수록, 사회적지지 수준이 낮을수록 시점2의 자살위험도가 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 트라우마사건 사별집단은 연령이 낮을수록, 도시에 거주할수록, 종교가 있을수록, 시점1의 지속비애 및 우울의 수준이 높을수록 시점2의 자살위험도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이를 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의점 및 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this longitudinal study was to identify predictive factors (gender, age, religion, relation to the deceased, domicile location, living arrangement, prolonged grief, social support, depression) for suicidal risk in non-traumatic and traumatic bereavement groups. To this end, an online survey was conducted twice, with a one year and 3 months interval, on 663 Korean adults (458 with non-traumatic bereavement experience and 205 with traumatic bereavement experience). The results were as follows: a hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that younger age, higher levels of prolonged grief and depression, and low levels of social support increase suicidal risk in the non-traumatic bereavement group. Additionally, in the traumatic bereavement group, younger age, living in a city, being religious, and higher levels of prolonged grief and depression increase suicidal risk. Implications and recommendations for future research were discussed.
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