『맹자』의 리민(利民)과 여민(與民), 독락(獨樂)과 동락(同樂) 연구

Abstract

This thesis is intended to analyze the meaning and effect of Lìmín (利民) and Yǔmín (與民) in the Works of Mencius, communicate, and seek ways to go to a win-win society. The two concepts of Lìmín (利民) and Yǔmín (與民) are discussed in conjunction with people's livelihoods in politics and are also quite confusing concepts. Lìmín(利民) means "benefit the people," and it is a political idea that expects the monarch to give the people basic small grace, such as relief measures for the famine, and to respond with joy in achieving his self-interest. Lìmín (利民)’s politics mobilizes the people to war to expand private land and accumulate property, but does not open warehouses and officials do not report to the monarch even if they suffer a famine or disaster. The monarch does not communicate with the common people and prohibits the people from entering the state-owned great parks for the sake of the monarch's pleasure. Lìmín (利民) originate from Wèimín (爲民) of the Mohism. In his first meeting with King Yanghye, Mencius said, "Why are you talking about Lì (利)?" is a strong criticism of the negative aspects contained in Lì (利) of Mohism. The result of Lìmín (利民) is Dúlè (獨樂, the pleasure of monarch alone). The people show sarcasm, irritation, resentment, and curses to the ferocious monarch who turned a blind eye to communication, and pray for annihilation. On the other hand, Yǔmín (與民) means "communicate with the people" and originates from King Shun’s Yǔrén (與人) politics. King Shun found a way to communicate and coexist with the people based on unconditional love like parents. The monarch listens to the opinions of the people in everything and reflect them as the top priority. Yǔmín (與民) politics is another name for the Mencius Politics (王道政治), and starting with tax reduction, it is accompanied by the people from food, clothing, and shelter, priority relief for the poorest, talent recruitment, and execution. Even the monarch enjoys rational relationship and desire for goods together with the people's response. The effect of Yǔmín (與民) is the result of communication and is a harmony and Tónglè (同樂). The people are respected for their opinions and communicate with the monarch, so they serve the monarch like their parents, think of the monarch's work as their parents, and regard the joys, sorrows, and sorrows of the monarch as their own.