1528년 安東 府北 周村戶籍 斷片에 나타난 挾居 新白丁의 삶

Abstract

This study analyzed the history of 10 sinbaekjeongs(新白丁) and 20 of their four-ancestores(四祖) recorded in a piece of the Census Register(1528) of the Juchon Village in Andong Bubuk, Gyeongsang‐do. Through this study, we attempted to explain the life of sinbaekjeongs living in Andong, Gyeongsang‐do in the 16th century, the period known to be highly successful in the policy for the civilianization of butchers. Among four-ancestores(四祖) of Sinbaekjeongs recorded in the Census Register of the Juchon Village, the earliest date of birth was in the late Koryo Dynasty, and it was generally during the reigns of King Sejong through King Seongjong that they were recorded in the Census Register as ‘sinbaekjeong.’ The largest part of them was recorded during the days of King Sejong. The social status of people who were recorded in the Census Register of the Juchon Village through marriage was demoted in order of noble→commoner→slave→sinbaekjeong. The marriage of individual sinbaekjeongs also shows their poor socioeconomic conditions. Moreover, when butchers’ socioeconomic status over time is examined based on the names of sinbaekjeongs and four-ancestores(四祖) recorded in the Census Register of the Juchon Village the results suggest that their status was lowered over the lapse of time. In addition, sinbaekjeongs in the register were socioeconomically lower than other sinbaekjeongs distributed throughout the country in those days. The record on sinbaekjeongs in the Census Register of the Juchon Village was to count them as cohabitants(挾居) in the organization of the army register. According to the record, there were 3 types of cohabitation of sinbaekjeongs: incorporation into an influential noble family; marriage between sinbaekjeongs while maintaining an independent household; and maintaining an independent household and working for the main household. They are highly likely to have been set as cohabitants(=subordinate households) of Lee Hoon, the No. 1 household in an army register made before 1528, and to have been counted as cohabitants(=subordinate households, subordinate workers) of new households (=main households, regular army) in the army register made based on the Census Register of 1528. Summing up, the socioeconomic status of sinbaekjeongs in the piece of the Census Register made in 1528 for the Juchon Village in Andong Bubuk was lowest among butchers distributed in various classes and areas of Chosun. A large number of butchers intermarried with private slaves, and their marriage and name were not much different from private slaves’ ones. However, they lived as cohabitants subordinate to influential private families maintaining the status of commoner and playing the role of a main household, and got on the road to gradual privatization and decline of social status.