조선시대 功臣敎書 연구-문서식과 발급 과정을 중심으로-

Abstract

Royal message of investing a vassal of merit in the Joseon period was issued to vassals of merit who rendered distinguished services on certain occasions i.e. the national establishment, a change of regime by later legitimized successful coup d'etas, suppression of treason and revolt, or war. This paper focuses on its documentary form and its process of issue in the aspect of palaeography. Investiture of vassals of merit has taken place 28 times throughout the Joseon period, at first from the National Establishment Meritorious Investiture in the first year of Taejo(1392) until the last Yangmu Meritorious Investiture in the fourth year of Yeongjo(1782), in consequence only twenty-two cases remained in effect, six of which later canceled. 63 royal messages on this affair survive by now, which covers the whole period of Joseon Dynasty from the beginning until the late period. We examined the documentary form of this royal message focusing on its receiver, the main text, the list of vassals and the royal seal. When it comes to its receiver, it varies in the form as the point of time the royal message was issued and whether the concerned receiver still survived. The main text describes its appointee's distinguished service and the rewarding in the formal style of Byeonryeomun(騈儷文) between the set phrases of ‘wang'yak'wal'(王若曰)’ and ‘Goja'gyosi sang'euijisil(故玆敎示 想宜知悉)’. On the problem of the listing we confirmed the examples of changes in the list by the time of issuing, sometimes omitting some names on the list. Royal seal was changed 6 times, from 「高麗國王之印(Goryeo Guk'wangjiin, The royal seal of Goryeo King」 to 「施命之寶(Simyeongjibo, The royal seal of commanding)」. We also offer the photography of this change of the seal. Temporary bureau of Dogam(都監) was installed to deal with these meritorious investiture by the order of the king, in the early Joseon period by Gongsin Dogam(功臣都監, Bureau of Vassals of Merit), and in the late Joseon period by Nokhun Dogam(錄勳都監, Bureau of Meritorious Investiture). In both of the Gongsin and Nokhun Dogam the subject and the appellation of vassals of merit was chosen before the issuing the royal message, such procedure later recorded in Euigwe(documentation of rituals and its procedure).