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소비자의 기술적 동기가 전기 자동차 구매의도에 미치는 영향 - 도심 항공 이동수단(UAM)에 주는 시사점을 중심으로 -

The Impact of Consumer Technological Motivation on Electric Vehicles Purchase Intention - Implications for UAM -

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키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

전기 자동차는 지속가능한 교통 혁신의 방안 중 하나로 장기적으로는 시장에서 선택이 아닌 필연적인 대안이 될 것이다. 전기차는 신기술이 적용된 혁신 제품이나, 전기차가 수반하는 환경적 이점이라는 사회경제적 가치로 인해 선행 연구는 전기차의 환경적 성과와 소비자의 친환경성향에 초점을 맞추어 수행되어왔다. 본 연구는 소비자의 전기차 수용을 혁신 수용의 관점에서 바라보고 개인의 영역 특유 혁신성을 고려하여 소비자의 자동차에 대한 기술적 친화력 즉, 기술적 동기가 주관적 지식 및 지각된 사용용이성을 매개로 구매의도에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 자료 수집을 위한 설문조사에는 본인 또는 가구가 자동차를 소유하고 있으며 자동차의 주사용자라고 응답한 218명이 참가하였고, 친환경차 경험 여부가 특정 조건에 편중되지 않도록 표본을 구성하였다. 연구 개념의 측정 항목들은 선행 연구를 기반으로 도출하여 본 연구의 맥락에 적합하게 수정하여 이용하였으며 측정 항목들의 신뢰성 및 타당성이 검증되었다. 또한 소비자가 지각하는 전기차 주행범위 및 충전 인프라에 대한 충분함 정도를 측정하여 통제하였다. 실증 분석 결과, 자동차 관련 기술적 동기가 높은 소비자는 새로운 기술을 사용하고 경험하기 위해 보다 적극적으로 노력하기 때문에 전기차에 대한 더 많은 지식을 가지게 되고, 높은 지식 수준은 전기차 구매의도에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 전기차에 대한 주관적 지식은 전기차에 대한 지각된 사용용이성을 높이는 것으로 나타나, 기술적 동기와 전기차 구매의도 간의 관계를 순차적으로 매개하였다. 즉, 소비자의 자동차 영역에서의 높은 기술적 관심이 전기차에 대한 주관적 지식 수준을 증가시키고, 이는 전기차 사용과 관련된 위험을 감소시킬 수 있으며 쉽게 학습하여 사용할 수 있을 것이라고 지각하도록 하여 전기차 구매의도에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것이다. 본 연구는 전기차를 환경적 성과 측면이 아닌 혁신적 신기술 기반 제품이라는 측면에 초점을 맞추었으며, 소비자의 일반적 혁신 성향이 아닌 자동차 영역에서의 기술적 동기를 고려하였다는 점에서 이론적 의의가 있다. 본 연구의 결과는 전기동력의 다른 모빌리티 수용에 적용될 수 있는데, 특히 도심 항공 이동수단(UAM)으로서 드론 사용을 촉진하기 위한 소비자 측면에서의 시사점을 제공한다. 드론 사용을 위해 필요한 배터리 충전 시설 등 관련 지식이 충분히 축적되면 소비자는 UAM의 위험은 낮게 사용은 쉽게 지각할 수 있으므로 다양한 경험의 기회를 제공하는 것이 수용을 촉진하는 데 도움이 될 것이다. 더불어, 일반 소비자의 UAM 수용에 있어서 UAM 사용의 위험 지각을 다각도에서 고려하는 후속 연구 방향을 제안하였다.

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are one of the ways to achieve sustainable transportation innovation, and in the long term, they will become an inevitable alternative rather than a choice in the market. Due to the social and economic value of electric vehicles, which are innovative products with new technologies and environmental benefits, previous studies have focused on the environmental performance of electric vehicles and the environmental awareness of consumers. This study examines consumer acceptance of EVs from the perspective of innovation adoption. Considering individual domain-specific innovativeness, it investigates how consumers’ technological motivation for cars, mediated by subjective knowledge and perceived ease of use, influences the purchase intention of EVs. 218 participants who either personally owned a car or had a household with a car, and identified themselves as the primary users of the vehicle particapated in the survey conducted for data collection. To ensure a balanced representation of experiences with eco-friendly vehicles, the sample was constructed without bias towards specific conditions. Measurement items for research variables were derived from prior studies, modified to fit the context of this study, and verified for their reliability and validity. Additionally, the study controlled for consumers’ perceptions of the adequacy of EVs driving range and charging infrastructure. The research findings indicated that consumers with a high technological motivation tend to make more active efforts to use and experience new technologies, leading to a deeper understanding of EVs. This increased subjective knowledge was found to have a positive impact on the purchase intention of EVs. Subjective knowledge was shown to increase the perceived ease of use of EVs, sequentially mediating the relationship between technological motivation and the purchase intention of EVs. In other words, the high level of technological interest of consumers in the automotive domain is expected to increase their subjective knowledge about EVs. This increased knowledge is perceived to reduce the risks associated with EVs usage and create a perceptions that EVs can be easily learned and used. Ultimately, this positive perception influences the intention to purchase EVs favorably. This study holds theoretical significance in two aspects: first, It has addressed EVs by focusing on their perspective as products grounded in innovative new technologies, rather than emphasizing their environmental performance. Second, the study has taken into account consumers’ technological motivations within the automotive domain, not just their general innovative tendencies. The study’s implications extend to the adoption of alternative mobility solutions powered by electricity, particularly offering insights for promoting drone use as Urban Air Mobility (UAM). It also suggests future research directions that consider the multifaceted perception of risks associated with UAM usage in the general consumer acceptance of UAM. When consumers accumulate sufficient knowledge related to drone usage, including facilities for battery charging, they are likely to perceive the risks of UAM as low and find it easy to use. Therefore, providing opportunities for diverse experiences can facilitate consumer adoption.

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