지역주도형 에너지 전환을 위한 사회혁신 담론의 가능성- 도시를 중심으로 -
Social Innovation Discourse for Local-Driven Energy Transition : Focused on Cities in Korea
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초록
정부가 2050년 탄소중립을 선언함에 따라, 국가적 탄소중립 실현을 위한 지역주도의 에너지 전환이 강조되고 있다. 지역 에너지 전환은 저탄소·분산형의 지역 에너지 시스템 전환인 동시에 이를 실현하기 위한 지역 사회의 인식 제고와 의사결정과정 참여, 지역 역량강화, 에너지 소비자의 행동 변화 등을 포함하는 심층적인 사회적 전환이며, 궁극적으로는 삶의 질을 개선하고 지속가능성을 실현하는 것을 의미한다. 특히 도시의 에너지 전환은 이러한 사회전환적 측면을 더욱 강조한다. 도시는 재생에너지 개발 비용이 높고 인구과밀로 인하여 에너지 수요가 높으며 에너지 불평등 문제가 심각하게 대두되는 공간이다. 따라서 도시의 에너지 전환은 에너지 생산 측면에서 저탄소 발전원을 확산할 뿐 아니라 소비의 측면에서 소비행동을 바꾸고 저탄소 이니셔티브를 확산하며, 에너지 접근성 개선을 통해 삶의 질 향상에 기여해야 한다. 본 연구는 도시를 중심으로 지역 에너지 전환의 사회·환경·경제적 함의를 분석하고, 기술-사회 넥서스에 기반하여 지역 에너지 전환의 동인으로서 ‘사회혁신 담론’의 가능성을 탐색했다. 사회혁신 담론은 에너지 분야에서 지역 이해관계자들의 역할을 새롭게 정의하고 경직된 에너지 생산과 소비 구조를 혁신하여 지역 사회와 함께하는 지역 에너지 전환의 물꼬를 트는 담론적 솔루션을 제시한다.
Abstract
As the Korean government declares carbon neutrality by 2050, the local-driven energy transitions are gaining importance for the realization of national carbon neutrality. Local energy transitions are not only transitions towards distributed low-carbon energy systems, but also deep social transitions that include awareness-raising of local communities, bottom-up processes in decision-making, community capacity building, and behaviour change of energy consumers. Local energy transitions ultimately aime at improving quality of life and realizing sustainability. In particular, the energy transition for cities further emphasizes these social aspects. Cities have high renewable energy development costs, and high energy demand due to high-density population, and they are places where energy inequality is a serious problem. Therefore, energy transitions in cities include not only expanding low-carbon energy sources in terms of energy production, but as well in terms of energy consumption changing consumers’ behavior, spreading low-carbon living practices. They also include enhancing energy access to contribute to enhancing the quality of life. This study aims at analyzing the social, environmental, economic implications of energy transitions, and based on the nexus of technology and society, exploring the possibility of Social Innovation as a driver of energy transions for cities. Social innovation discourse suggests a conceptual solution for local-driven energy transitions by redefining the role of local stakeholders and innovates rigid energy production and consumption structures in Korea.
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