Human transcription factor YY1 could upregulate the HIV-1 gene expression
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Gene expression in HIV-1 is regulated by the promoters in 5’ long-terminal repeat (LTR) element, which contain multiple DNA regulatory elements that serve as binding sites for cellular transcription factors. YY1 could repress HIV-1 gene expression and latent infection. Here, however, we observed that virus production can be increased by YY1 over-expression and decreased under YY1 depleted condition by siRNA treatment. To identify functional domain(s) of YY1 activation, we constructed a number of YY1 truncated mutants. Our data show that full-length YY1 enhances the viral transcription both through U3 and U3RU5 promoters. Moreover, the C-terminal region (296-414 residues) of YY1 is responsible for the transcriptional upregulation, which could be enhanced further in the presence of the viral Tat protein. The central domain of YY1 (155-295 residues) does not affect LTR activity but has a negative effect on HIV-1 gene expression. Taken together, our study shows that YY1 could act as a transcriptional activator in HIV-1 replication, at least in the early stages of infection.
Abstract
Gene expression in HIV-1 is regulated by the promoters in 5’ long-terminal repeat (LTR) element, which contain multiple DNA regulatory elements that serve as binding sites for cellular transcription factors. YY1 could repress HIV-1 gene expression and latent infection. Here, however, we observed that virus production can be increased by YY1 over-expression and decreased under YY1 depleted condition by siRNA treatment. To identify functional domain(s) of YY1 activation, we constructed a number of YY1 truncated mutants. Our data show that full-length YY1 enhances the viral transcription both through U3 and U3RU5 promoters. Moreover, the C-terminal region (296-414 residues) of YY1 is responsible for the transcriptional upregulation, which could be enhanced further in the presence of the viral Tat protein. The central domain of YY1 (155-295 residues) does not affect LTR activity but has a negative effect on HIV-1 gene expression. Taken together, our study shows that YY1 could act as a transcriptional activator in HIV-1 replication, at least in the early stages of infection.
참고문헌 (31)
- Atchison L, "Transcription factor YY1 functions as a PcG protein in vivo", EMBO J, 22, pp.1347~1358 (2003)
- Bushmeyer S, "Characterization of functional domains within the multifunctional transcription factor, YY1", J Biol Chem, 270, pp.30213~30220 (1995)
- Austen M, "Characterization of the transcriptional regulator YY1. The bipartite transactivation domain is independent of interaction with the TATA box-binding protein, transcription factor IIB, TAFII55, or cAMP-responsive element-binding protein(CPB)-binding protein", J Biol Chem, 272, pp.1709~1717 (1997)
- Wilkinson FH, "Polycomb recruitment to DNA in vivo by the YY1 REPO domain", Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, pp.19296~19301 (2006)
- Shi Y, "Transcriptional repression by YY1, a human GLI-Kruppel-related protein, and relief of repression by adenovirus E1A protein", Cell, 67, pp.377~388 (1991)
- Seto E, "YY1 is an initiator sequence-binding protein that directs and activates transcription in vitro", Nature, 354, pp.241~245 (1991)
- Park K, "Isolation of a candidate repressor", activator, NF-E1(YY-1, delta), that binds to the immunoglobulin kappa 3' enhancer and the immunoglobulin heavy-chain mu E1 site, 1991, pp.88, 9804~9808
- Donohoe ME, "Targeted disruption of mouse Yin Yang 1transcription factor results in peri-implantation lethality", Mol Cell Biol, 19, pp.7237~7244 (1999)
- Wu S, "A YY1-INO80complex regulates genomic stability through homologous recombination-based repair", Nat Struct Mol Biol, 14, pp.1165~1172 (2007)
- Gordon S, "Transcription factor YY1 : structure, function, and therapeutic implications in cancer biology", Oncogene, 25, pp.1125~1142 (2006)
- Thomas MJ, "Unlocking the mechanisms of transcription factor YY1: are chromatin modifying enzymes the key?", Gene, 236, pp.197~208 (1999)
- Shi Y, "Everything you have ever wanted to know about Yin Yang 1", Biochim Biophys Acta, 1332, pp.F49~66 (1997)
- Hyde-DeRuyscher RP, "DNA binding sites for the transcriptional activator", repressor YY1, 1995, pp.23, 4457~4465
- Lee JS, "Relief of YY1transcriptional repression by adenovirus E1A is mediated by E1A-associated protein p300", Genes Dev, 9, pp.1188~1198 (1995)
- Yao YL, "Regulation of transcription factor YY1 by acetylation and deacetylation", Mol Cell Biol, 21, pp.5979~5991 (2001)
- Coull JJ, "The human factors YY1 and LSF repress the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat via recruitment of histone deacetylase 1", J Virol, 74, pp.6790~6799 (2000)
- Satijn DP, "The polycomb group protein EED interacts with YY1, and both proteins induce neural tissue in Xenopus embryos", Mol Cell Biol, 21, pp.1360~1369 (2001)
- Ko CY, "Epigenetic silencing of CCAAT", enhancer-binding protein delta activity by YY1, DNA methyltransferase complex, pp.J Biol Chem, 2008[DOI]
- Margolis DM, "Human transcription factor YY1 represses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription and virion production", J Virol, 68, pp.905~910 (1994)
- He G, "Counterregulation of chromatin deacetylation and histone deacetylase occupancy at the integrated promoter of human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)by the HIV-1 repressor YY1 and HIV-1 activator Tat", Mol Cell Biol, 22, pp.2965~2973 (2002)
- Romerio F, "Repression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 through the novel cooperation of human factors YY1 and LSF", J Virol, 71, pp.9375~9382 (1997)
- Bernhard W, "An upstream YY1 binding site on the HIV-1 LTR contributes to latent infection", PLoS One, 8, pp.e77052~ (2013)
- Gaynor R, "Cellular transcription factors involved in the regulation of HIV-1 gene expression", AIDS, 6, pp.347~363 (1992)
- Pereira LA, "A compilation of cellular transcription factor interactions with the HIV-1 LTR promoter", Nucleic Acids Res, 28, pp.663~668 (2000)
- Jakobovits A, "A discrete element 3' of human immunodeficiency virus 1(HIV-1)and HIV-2 mRNA initiation sites mediates transcriptional activation by an HIV trans activator", Mol Cell Biol, 8, pp.2555~2561 (1988)
- Boris-Lawrie KA, "Sequences within the R region of the long terminal repeat activate basal transcription from the HIV-1 promoter", Gene Expr, 2, pp.215~230 (1992)
- Rizkallah R, "Regulation of the transcription factor YY1 in mitosis through phosphorylation of its DNA-binding domain", Mol Biol Cell, 20, pp.4766~4776 (2009)
- Ylisastigui L, "Mitogenactivated protein kinases regulate LSF occupancy at the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter", J Virol, 79, pp.5952~5962 (2005)
- Barton K, "Selective targeting of the repressive transcription factors YY1 and cMyc to disrupt quiescent human immunodeficiency viruses", AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 29, pp.289~298 (2013)
- Ott M, "Acetylation of the HIV-1 Tat protein by p300 is important for its transcriptional activity", Curr Biol, 9, pp.1489~1492 (1999)
- Dorr A, "Transcriptional synergy between Tat and PCAF is dependent on the binding of acetylated Tat to the PCAF bromodomain", EMBO J, 21, pp.2715~2723 (2002)