Immune cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in cancer treatment
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초록
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by most cells carrybioactive macromolecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleicacids for intercellular communication. Given that some immunecell-derived sEVs exhibit anti-cancer properties, these sEVs havereceived scientific attention for the development of novel anticancerimmunotherapeutic agents. In this paper, we reviewedthe latest advances concerning the biological roles of immunecell-derived sEVs for cancer therapy. sEVs derived from immunecells including dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, natural-killer (NK)cells, and macrophages are good candidates for sEV-based cancertherapy. Besides their role of cancer vaccines, DC-shed sEVsactivated cytotoxic lymphocytes and killed tumor cells. sEVsisolated from NK cells and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) Tcells exhibited cytotoxicity against cancer cells. sEVs derivedfrom CD8+ T and CD4+ T cells inhibited cancer-associated cellsin tumor microenvironment (TME) and activated B cells, respectively. M1-macrophage-derived sEVs induced M2 to M1 repolarizationand also created a pro-inflammatory environment. Hence,these sEVs, via mono or combination therapy, could be consideredin the treatment of cancer patients in the future. In addition,sEVs derived from cytokine-stimulated immune cells or sEVengineering could improve their anti-tumor potency.
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) secreted by most cells carrybioactive macromolecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleicacids for intercellular communication. Given that some immunecell-derived sEVs exhibit anti-cancer properties, these sEVs havereceived scientific attention for the development of novel anticancerimmunotherapeutic agents. In this paper, we reviewedthe latest advances concerning the biological roles of immunecell-derived sEVs for cancer therapy. sEVs derived from immunecells including dendritic cells (DCs), T cells, natural-killer (NK)cells, and macrophages are good candidates for sEV-based cancertherapy. Besides their role of cancer vaccines, DC-shed sEVsactivated cytotoxic lymphocytes and killed tumor cells. sEVsisolated from NK cells and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) Tcells exhibited cytotoxicity against cancer cells. sEVs derivedfrom CD8+ T and CD4+ T cells inhibited cancer-associated cellsin tumor microenvironment (TME) and activated B cells, respectively. M1-macrophage-derived sEVs induced M2 to M1 repolarizationand also created a pro-inflammatory environment. Hence,these sEVs, via mono or combination therapy, could be consideredin the treatment of cancer patients in the future. In addition,sEVs derived from cytokine-stimulated immune cells or sEVengineering could improve their anti-tumor potency.
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