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Electrophysiological insights with brain organoid models: a brief review

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초록

Brain organoid is a three-dimensional (3D) tissue derived fromstem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) embryonicstem cells (ESCs) that reflect real human brain structure. It replicates the complexity and development of the humanbrain, enabling studies of the human brain in vitro. Withemerging technologies, its application is various, including diseasemodeling and drug screening. A variety of experimentalmethods have been used to study structural and molecularcharacteristics of brain organoids. However, electrophysiologicalanalysis is necessary to understand their functional characteristicsand complexity. Although electrophysiological approacheshave rapidly advanced for monolayered cells, thereare some limitations in studying electrophysiological and neuralnetwork characteristics due to the lack of 3D characteristics. Herein, electrophysiological measurement and analyticalmethods related to neural complexity and 3D characteristics ofbrain organoids are reviewed. Overall, electrophysiological understandingof brain organoids allows us to overcome limitationsof monolayer in vitro cell culture models, providing deepinsights into the neural network complex of the real humanbrain and new ways of disease modeling.

Abstract

Brain organoid is a three-dimensional (3D) tissue derived fromstem cells such as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) embryonicstem cells (ESCs) that reflect real human brain structure. It replicates the complexity and development of the humanbrain, enabling studies of the human brain in vitro. Withemerging technologies, its application is various, including diseasemodeling and drug screening. A variety of experimentalmethods have been used to study structural and molecularcharacteristics of brain organoids. However, electrophysiologicalanalysis is necessary to understand their functional characteristicsand complexity. Although electrophysiological approacheshave rapidly advanced for monolayered cells, thereare some limitations in studying electrophysiological and neuralnetwork characteristics due to the lack of 3D characteristics. Herein, electrophysiological measurement and analyticalmethods related to neural complexity and 3D characteristics ofbrain organoids are reviewed. Overall, electrophysiological understandingof brain organoids allows us to overcome limitationsof monolayer in vitro cell culture models, providing deepinsights into the neural network complex of the real humanbrain and new ways of disease modeling.

참고문헌 (50)

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