한국의 지하경제추이와 통제방안
Controlling the Underground Economy in Korea
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초록
우리나라의 지하경제비중은 OECD국가 중 가장 높게 나타나고 있다. 지하경제비중이 높으면 소득불균형이 심화되고, 소득수준이 낮아지며, 세금수입이 감소하여 공공서비스의 수준이 낮아지는 등의 부작용이 심각해진다. 본 연구에서는 지하경제규모가 증가할 경우의 영향을 살펴보고 우리나라의 지하경제규모의 축소를 위한 대책을 각종 자료를 통하여 검토하였다. 지하경제를 억제하기 위한 대책을 살펴보면 먼저 세금과 각종부담금을 인하해야 한다. 세금과 부담금은 지하경제가 확장되는 주된 원인이기 때문이다. 둘째, 정부지출을 감소시켜야 한다. 작은 정부는 현재 대부분의 선진국이 추구하고 있는 정책방향이고 민간부문의 파이를 증가시켜 지하경제를 감소시킬 수 있는 유력한 수단이 된다. 셋째, 규제는 특정시장에의 진입장벽을 만들어 일부기업에게만 이익을 주는 폐해를 가져온다. 따라서 규제를 회피하기 위하여 지하경제가 발생하게 되므로 과감한 규제개혁이 필요한 것으로 보인다. 넷째, 부패가 억제되어야 한다. 부패가 만연하게 되면 민간부문은 공식경제에 잔류할 필요를 덜 느끼게 되기 때문이다. 다섯째, 실업률감소가 시급하다. 실업상태에 있는 사람은 일을 해야 하기 때문에 불법적인 일이라 하더라도 마다하지 앓을 것이기 때문이다.
Abstract
This study is focused on developing the policies related to underground economy aimed at reducing its negative influence in Korean economy. Previous research indicates that underground economy distorts income distribution, income level, tax revenues in unsatisfactory ways. In this study, we have developed policies to control the negative impact of underground economy. First, tax burdens and various contributions should be reduced as they are the main causes of increasing the size of underground economy. Second, government expenditures should be downsized as small government increases the portion distributed to civilian sector. Third, unnecessary regulations should be removed as regulations establish artificial entry barriers into markets resulting in extraordinary profits for the privileged group. Fourth, corruption should be in control, as widespread corruption causes civil sector's escape to underground economy due to the high cost structure of formal economy. Finally, it is needed to reduce the jobless rate as the people without job will unwillingly accept the underground jobs to get money.
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