기업소유구조가 조세회피성향에 미치는 영향
The Effects of a Firm's Ownership Structure on Tax Avoidance
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본 연구는 기업의 소유구조가 조세회피성향에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 특히, 소유구조변수로 임원의 지분율, 대주주지분율, 외국인지분율을 사용하여 2005년부터 2008년 사이에 한국거래소에 상장된 1,350개의 기업-연도 표본을 이용하여 조세회피성향을 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 전체적으로 기업의 소유구조가 조세회피성향에 영향을 미칠 것이라는 일련의 가설은 실증결과에 의해 부분적으로 입증되었다. 구체적으로 살펴보면, 소유구조와 관련하여 임원의 지분율이 높을수록 조세회피성향이 약화될 것이라는 가설과 대주주지분율이 조세회피성향을 강화시킬 것이라는 가설은 기각되었고 외국인지분율이 높을수록 조세회피성향이 높은 결과를 보였다. 이는 외국인투자가 조세회피를 통해 절약된 현금을 고배당 요구 등을 통해 막대한 자금을 유출시킴으로써 기업의 장기적 성장을 저해하는 원인이 된다는 하나의 증거가 될 수도 있음을 알 수 있었다.
Abstract
This study examines firm's ownership structure impacts on tax avoidance from the perspectives of agency theory. As follows are regression results from a sample of 1,350 firm-years listed in Korea Exchange between 2005 and 2008. I used methodology to measure tax avoidance from Book-Tax Differences(BTD). The cause of this results may be different from measure of tax avoidance and study term. Based on the previous study that tax avoidance is one of the causes of the difference between book income and tax income, so Desai and Dharmapala(2006) measured tax avoidance from book-tax differences. The association between tax avoidance and ownership structure is partially supported by empirical evidence. Be more specifically, it is supported that as foreign investor stock ownership is higher, tax avoid increases(column A, B). There was no association between blockholder stock ownership and tax avoidance(column A, B). and there was no association between management ownership and tax avoidance(column B). But, the effects of directors and management ownership on tax avoidance are opposite to column A. Finally, this finding might support a piece of evidence that foreign investors save tax by tax reporting and an enormous capital outflow of high dividend to them might impede the corporate long-term growth. Even though I had methodology limitations, the contribution of this paper is to investigate an empirical study about tax avoidance. I hope, the future study would be go on measurement method of tax avoidance.
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