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국제회계기준 도입에 따른 공정가치 평가 확대적용의 전망과 시사점

Extended Application of Fair Value Accounting Rules with the Adoption of IFRS: The Prospect and Policy Implications

최종서|장지경
한국국제회계학회 (Korea International Accounting Association)|2010.11|국제회계연구 (Korea International Accounting Review)|제33호|pp. 323-353|DOI 10.21073/kiar.2010..33.013

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국제회계기준Fair Value공정가치공정가치회계기준nternational Financial Reporting StandardsFair Value Accounting Rules

초록

2011년부터 의무적용되는 국제회계기준이 지닌 중요한 특징 중의 하나는 공정가치평가기준의 확대적용이다. 본 연구에서는 국제회계기준에서 규정된 공정가치 관련규정을 살펴보고 공정가치회계의 장단점을 둘러싼 여러 선행연구의 성과와 학계 및 실무계에서의 논쟁에 대하여 개관하였다. 이를 통하여 최근 부각되고 있는 공정가치 회계 논의의 실체에 대해 포괄적으로 조망함과 동시에 향후의 관련제도와 실무의 변화방향을 전망하고자 하였다. 공정가치 회계는 기업실체의 경제적 실상, 즉 가치측정의 기능을 효과적으로 수행하여 회계가 본연의 역할을 수행하도록 한다는 차원에서 충분한 의미를 지닐 수 있으나, 시장가격이 반드시 진실한 기업이 가치를 반영하는 것은 아니므로 공정가치 회계를 통해 회계적 측정의 일관된 체계를 정립하는 것은 한계가 따를 수밖에 없다. 따라서 공정가치와 역사적 원가를 포함하는 대체적 측정 속성이 공존하는 회계실무에서는 이상과 현실의 균형을 취하기 위한 불가피한 선택이 될 수밖에 없을 것으로 전망된다.

Abstract

IFRS is adopted in full scale in Korea for public companies listed in KRX and KOSDAQ on a mandatory basis from 2011. One of the distinctive features of the standards includes the extended application of fair value based measurement rules. This study intends to provide a comprehensive review of the previous literature and practical issues related to fair value accounting. We specifically examine the merits and demerits of fair value versus historical cost oriented accounting, with the main focus placed on potential impacts on practices caused by extended application of fair value measurements. We also discuss the nature of the debates surrounding the fair value measurements in the aftermath of the recent global credit crunch. We provide a brief outlook on the future directions of the institutional transitions and policy implications in concluding our discussion. Fair value accounting aims at enhancement of the representational faithfulness of accounting measurements. However, market price does not necessarily represent the true value of business entitles, so that it is difficult to establish a coherent measurement system on the basis of fair value accounting. As such, it appears inevitable to take a balance between ideal and reality in the sense that accounting practice is bound to rely on alternative measurement attributes encompassing fair values and historical costs.

참고문헌 (39)

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